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DU627. 1 
Meares,  John,  17^j6?-1809. 
Extracts  from  Voyages  made 
in  ttie  years  1788  and    1789 


'S^B^' 


'^^^ 


Hawaiian 
Historical  Society  Reprints   f^^^ ' 

(1787,  1788  and  1789) 


Extracts  from 


Voyages   Aade  in  the  Years   1788  and  1789   From 

China  to  the  Northwest  Coast  of  America,  with 

an  Introductory  Narrative  of  a  Voyage 

Performed  in  1786,  From  Bengal, 

in  the  Ship  "Nootka." 


By  JOHN  AEARES 

(2  Vols.,  Printed  at  the  Legographic  Press,  London,  in  1791) 

(The  Edition  of  this  Reprint  is  Limited  to  500  Copies) 


Hawaiian 
Historical  Society  Reprints 

(1787,  1788  and  1789) 


Extracts  from 


Voyages   Aade  in  the  Years    1788  and  1789    From 

China  to  the  Northwest  Coast  of  America,  with 

an  Introductory  Narrative  of  a  Voyage 

Performed  in  1786.  From  Bengal, 

in  the  Ship  "Nootka." 


By  JOHN  AEARES 

(2  Vols.,  Printed  at  the  Legographic  Press,  London,  in   1791) 

(The  Edition  of  this  Reprint  is  Limited  to  500  Copies) 


Preface 

In  presenting  this  reprint  to  our  Members  we  have  arranged 
the  text  so  that  the  parts  dealing  with  the  Hawaiian  Islands  come 
first.  All  other  parts,  having  an  indirect  bearing  on  the  History 
of  Hawaii,  will  be  found  at  the  end,  in  the  Appendix. 

The  detailed  account  of  Kaiana,  and  his  voyage  to  and  from 
China,  together  with  an  account  of  the  ships  trading  with  the 
Northwest  Coast  of  America,  many  of  which  touched  at  these 
Islands,  have  been  placed  in  the  Appendix. 

We  have  inserted,  in  brackets,  the  modern  Hawaiian  names 
after  those  given  in  the  text,  whenever  possible.  Where  we  have 
not  been  able  to  translate  the  names  we  have  left  parentheses  in 
which  they  can  be  inserted.  Arranged  and  indexed  for  the  Ha- 
waiian Historical   Society  by  Bruce  Cartwright   Jr. 


Aeares'  First  Visit  to  Hawaii 

On  January  20th,  1786,  two  vessels  were  purchased  in  India — 
one  of  200  tons  the  ''Nootka."  and  the  other  of  100  tons,  the  "Sea 
Otter."  The  former  was  put  under  the  command  of  John  Meares 
and  the  latter  under  the  command  of  William  Tipping,  a  lieu- 
tenant in  the  Royal  Navy.  They  started  for  a  trading  voyage 
from  India  to  the  northwest  coast  of  America.  They  went  north 
to  Alaska  and  after  meeting  with  many  misfortunes  the  crew 
began  to  suffer  from  scurvy,  so  they  proceeded  to  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  where  they  arrived  about  the  first  of  August,  1787.  The 
voyage  from  the  Northwest  coast  to  Hawaii,  is  described  as 
follows : 

"A  Northerly  wind  now  sprung  up,  and  brought  clear  weather 
along  with  it,  which  continued  until  we  made  the  island  of  Owhy- 
hee  (Hawaii).  Our  passage  from  the  continent  was  fortunately 
very  short;  but  if  we  had  not  been  blessed  with  a  continuance  of 
fine  and  favorable  weather,  the  state  of  the  ship  was  such,  as  to 
make  it  a  matter  of  doubt  whether  we  should  have  reached  the 
Sandwich  Islands.  Still  however  the  horrible  disorder  beneath 
which  the  crew  had  so  long  labored,  continued  to  accompany  us, 
and  one  man  died  before  we  gained  the  salubrious  clime  whose 
zephyrs  may  be  said  to  have  bourne  health  on  their  wings ;  for  in 
ten  days  after  we  had  reached  the  islands  every  complaint  had 
disappeared  from  among  us. 

"We  remained  here  a  month,  during  which  time  the  islanders 
appeared  to  have  no  other  pleasure  but  what  arose  from  showing 
kindnesses  and  exercising  hospitality  to  us — They  received  us 
with  joy — and  saw  us  depart  with  tears.  Among  the  numbers 
who  pressed  forward  with  inexpressible  eagerness  to  accompany 
us  to  Britannee,  Tianna  (  Kaiana)  a  chief  of  Attoi  (Kauai)  and 
the  brother  of  the  sovereign  of  that  island,  was  alone  received  to 
embarke  with  us,  amid  the  envy  of  all  his  countrymen. 

"On  September  2nd  we  left  the  Sandwich  Islands,  leaving  be- 
hind us,  I  have  every  reason  to  believe,  the  most  favorable  impres- 
sions of  our  conduct  and  character,  with  the  inhabitants  of  them." 

The  "Sea  Otter,"  Captain  Tipping,  was  never  again  heard  of 
after  leaving  Prince  William's  Sound. 

MEARES'  SECOND  VISIT  TO  HAWAII 

On  the  evening  of  January  22,  I/88,  the  ships  (the  "Felice"  and 
"Iphigenia")  set  sail  from  China,  sailing  southeast  along  the  west- 
ern shores  of  the  Philippines  as  far  as  New  Guinea,  and  then 


1788  6 

proceeding  north  along  Japan  to  Alaska  and  the  northwest  coast 
of  America,  the  "Iphigenia"  finally  arriving  off  Maui  about  De- 
cember 6.  1788.  The  "Felice"  arrived  off  Hawaii  about  October 
16th.  1788.  a  month  and  a  half  ahead  of  the  "Iphigenia."  Both 
ships  experienced  very  heavy  weather  and  met  with  misfortunes. 
Scurvy  made  its  appearance  before  the  "Iphigenia"  arrived  at 
Alaska,  and  before  the  "Felice"  arrived  at  the  northwest  coast  of 
America.  Many  of  the  live  stock  which  were  intended  for  Kauai 
were  killed  by  accident  or  for  food.  The  "Felice"  was  in  com- 
mand of  W'm.  Douglas  and  the  "Iphigenia"  in  command  of  John 
Meares.  When  they  reached  the  northwest  coast  of  America 
they  changed  ships. 

THE  VISIT  OF  THE  FELICE,  CAPTAIN  MEARES 

Oct.  17.  1788  (Friday).  "At  five  o'clock,  on  the  morning  of 
the  17th.  to  our  infinite  satisfaction  we  discovered  land,  bearing 
from  East  South  East,  to  West  North  West,  at  a  distance  of  six 
leagues :  but  it  was  so  very  hazy,  that  the  island  was  imperfectly 
discerned:  in  clear  weather,  the  high  land  of  Owhyhee  (Hawaii) 
can  be  seen  at  a  distance  of  twenty  leagues. 

"We  (the  "Felice")  had,  indeed,  good  reason  to  rejoice  at  the 
sight  of  this  island,  as  we  were  greatly  reduced  in  the  article  of 
provisions.  We  had  given  so  large  a  portion  of  our  stores  to  the 
"Iphigenia."  and  our  passage  to  the  islands  not  being  so  quick  as 
we  had  expected,  the  idea  of  that  plenty,  and  those  comforts, 
which  as  it  were,  waited  our  arrival  there,  filled  every  heart  with 
joy  and  gladness. 

"As  we  approached  the  island  of  Owhyhee  (Hawaii),  a  per- 
son who  had  never  visited  this  part  of  the  globe,  would  have  seen 
nothing  by  which  he  could  be  led  to  supi:)Ose  that  it  was  the  seat 
of  luxurious  abundance. — The  high,  mountainous  appearance  of 
the  land,  and  the  blackness  cast  over  it  from  the  fog  and  va])our, 
threw  such  a  gloom  on  the  whole  scene,  as  to  aff'ord  no  expecta- 
tion of  hospitality  from  the  inhabitants,  or  refreshment  from 
culti\ation. 

"It  was  too  late  in  the  evening  to  close  in  with  the  land;  we 
therefore  hove  to  for  the  night,  at  about  the  distance  of  four 
leagues  from  the  shore,  and  waited  with  extreme  impatience  for 
the  morning. 

"On  the  18th.  at  day-break,  we  bore  up.  and  j)roceede(l  under 
a  gentle  sail  to  close  in  with  the  land,  which  we  accomplished 
about  nine  o'clock;  when  the  late  barren  and  unfriendly  prospect 
was  succeeded  by  a  scene  that  might  suit  the  fablings  of  poetry 
and  romantic  fictinn.     The  haziness  of  the  mornincr  did  not  ob- 


1788  7 

scure  the  varied  landscape  before  us.  The  great  mountain,  or 
Mouna  Kaah  (Mauna  Kea),  which  is  situated  on  the  North  East 
part  of  the  island,  was  clothed  in  clouds,  which  seemed,  as  it  were, 
to  be  rolling  down  its  declivity ;  while  its  summit  towered  above 
the  vapours,  and  presented  a  sublime  object  of  nature : — from  its 
base  to  the  sea  was  a  beautiful  amphitheatre  of  villages  and 
plantations,  while  the  shore  was  crowded  with  people,  who,  from 
the  coolness  of  the  morning,  were  clothed  in  their  party-colored 
garments.  Some  of  them  were  seated  on  the  banks  to  look  at  the 
ship,  while  others  were  running  along  the  shore  towards  the  little 
sandy  patches  where  their  canoes  were  drawn  up.  in  order  to 
come  off  to  us.  We  now  hove  to  in  the  entrance  of  Toe-yah-yah 
Bay  (Kawaihae  Bay)  which  is  situated  on  the  Western  side  of 
the  island,  and  consequently  defended  from  the  violence  of  the 
trade  winds ;  nor  was  it  long  before  a  considerable  number  of 
canoes  came  off  to  the  ship,  with  hogs,  young  pigs,  taro-root, 
plantains,  sugar-cane,  and  a  few  fowls. 

"It  was  my  intention  to  draw  the  supplies  of  pork  from  this 
island,  and  then  proceed  to  Oneeheow  (Niihau),  to  procure  a 
sufficient  quantity  of  yams  for  the  remainder  of  our  voyage.  In 
consequence  of  this  determination,  a  very  brisk  trade  was  car- 
ried on  with  the  natives,  and  before  night  upwards  of  four  hun- 
dred hogs  were  purchased.  The  decks  were  loaded,  and  the 
boats  filled  with  them  and  the  vegetables,  which  also  made  a  part 
of  our  present  traffic.  Indeed,  such  was  the  profusion  of  these 
articles  which  were  brought  to  us,  that  many  of  the  canoes  re- 
turned without  being  able  to  dispose  of  their  cargoes. 

"Among  the  multitude  which  visited  us  on  this  occasion,  I  ob- 
served but  one  person  of  rank :  he  came  in  a  double  canoe  paddled 
along  bv  twelve  men,  and  accompanied  by  his  wife  and  two  young 
female  children.  He  brought  very  large  hogs,  and  a  large  quan- 
tity of  ccooa-nuts  , which  he  ordered  on  board  the  ship,  and 
immediately  followed  his  present,  accompanying  it  with  the  most 
.friendly  expressions  and  offers  of  further  service. — We  were  not 
dilatory  in  making  him  a  suitable  return  ;  and  having  thus  won 
his  confidence  I  enquired  of  him  concerning  the  present  state  of 
the  island,  with  a  view  to  the  advantage  of  Tianna  (Kaiana). 

"He  very  readily  informed  me  that  old  Tereeobeo  (Kalanio- 
puu)  had  been  poisoned,  and  that  his  successor  was  Tianna's 
(Kaiana's)  uncle.  He  also  added,  that  in  consequence  of  this 
revolution,  a  very  fierce  war  had  taken  place  between  the  inhab- 
itants of  Owhyhee  (Hawaii)  and  those  of  the  island  of  Mowee 
(Maui),  of  which  Titeeree   (Kahekili)    was  reigning  sovereign. 

"In  answer  to  his  information  I  thought  proper  to  inform  him 
that  Tianna  (Kaiana)  would  shortly  return  to  Atooi  (Kauai)  in 


1788  8 

such  a  ship  as  mine  and  that  I  had  a  present  from  liim  to  the 
sovereign  of  Owhyhec  (Hawaii),  which  I  desired  the  chief 
would  take  upon  himself  to  deliver,  as  a  mark  of  Tianna's  (Kai- 
ana's)  attachment  to  his  uncle.  By  such  well-timed  act  of  re- 
gard, I  hoped  to  perform  a  good  office  for  my  friend ;  and  I  have 
since  understood  that  it  produced  effects  equal  to  my  most  san- 
g-uine  wishes.  But  in  order  to  give  certainty  to  my  commission, 
i  made  my  request  and  delivered  the  present  hefore  a  great  num- 
ber of  the  natives,  which  was  also  publicly  tabooed ;  this  arrange- 
ment was  made  in  order  to  prevent  the  chief  from  keeping  the 
present  himself,  or  substituting  another  of  inferior  value. 

"By  sunset  we  had  purchased  a  sufficiency  of  fresh  provisions 
to  last  us  to  China ;  we  therefore  prepared  to  make  sail,  in  order 
to  proceed  to  Atooi  (Kauai)  and  Oneeheow  (Xiihau)  ;  but  the 
number  of  natives,  and  the  women  in  particular,  were  so  great, 
not  only  covering  the  decks,  where  there  was  any  room,  but  even 
clinging  to  the  rigging,  that  we  were  under  the  necessity  of  brib- 
ing them  with  presents  of  some  kind  or  other  to  procure  their  de- 
parture. Some  of  the  women  took  to  their  canoes,  but  the 
greater  part  plunged  into  the  sea,  and  swam  to  the  shore. — The 
ship  was  no  sooner  cleared  of  its  visitors,  than  it  began  to  blow^ 
very  fresh,  when  the  top-sails  were  reefed,  and  we  stood  under 
an  easy  sail  for  the  island  of  Mowee  (Maui). 

"We  now  immediately  set  to  work  in  killing  the  hogs,  and 
salting  down  the  meat  for  sea-store.  We  followed  the  mode  pre- 
scribed by  Captain  Cook,  who  would  deserve  the  gratitude  of 
his  country,  of  every  maritime  people,  and  of  humanity  at  large, 
if  his  discoveries  had  been  confined  even  to  those  improvements 
he  made  in  the  interior  government  of  ships  and  their  crews.  *  *  * 

"Oct.  23,  1788  (Thursday).  Light  winds  prevented  our  reach- 
ing Atooi  (Kauai)  until  the  23rd  at  noon,  when  we  anchored  in 
Wymoa-bay  (Waimea  Bay).  As  we  passed  the  other  islands, 
canoes  continually  came  off  to  us  with  young  ])igs  and  sugar- 
canes,  which  gave  us  an  opportunity  of  com])lcting  our  stock  of_ 
the  latter.  It  was  indeed  fortunate  that  we  had  laid  in  our  stores 
of  fresh  provisions  at  Owhyhee  (Hawaii)  ;  as,  on  passing  Mowee 
(Maui),  Ranai  (Lanai),  Morotoi  (Molokai)  and  Woahoo 
(r)ahu),  not  one  large  hog  was  brought  off  to  us; — in  all  proba- 
bility there  was  not  sufficient  time  for  that  ])ur])ose  as  the  ship 
was  passing. — 

"At  Woahoo  (Oahu  ).  indeed,  we  understood  that  the  hogs,  for 
some  reason  or  other,  of  which  we  were  not  informed,  were  at 
that  time  under  the  taboo, — a  kind  of  religious  interdiction. 

"We  had  no  sooner  cast  anchor  in  Wymoa-bay  (Waimea  Bay) 
that  it  began  to  blow  so  very  strong  as  to  prevent  any  canoes 


1788  9 

from  coming  off  to  the  ship. — Indeed  I  had  no  other  motive  for 
stopping  here  but  to  inform  Taheo  (Kaeo),  the  sovereign  of  it, 
that  his  brother  Tianna  (Kaiana)  would  shortly  return,  and  to 
make  him  such  presents,  and  take  such  measures  as  might  be  of 
service  to  the  chief,  on  his  arrival  at  his  native  country,  which 
had  been  for  some  time  in  a  state  of  distraction,  from  the  tyranny 
of  its  present  government. 

"Thursday,  Oct.  23,  1788.  During  the  whole  of  this  day  not 
a  canoe  appeared ;  but  in  the  morning  of  the  24th  though  it  con- 
tinued to  blow  very  fresh,  a  canoe  came  off  with  two  men  and  a 
girl ;  they  brought  a  small  pig  and  some  cocoanuts ;  now  was  I  a 
Httle  surprised  when  the  two  men,  on  entering  the  ship,  began  to 
embrace  my  knees,  and  to  cry  out  'Noota' ;  the  name  that  I  have 
already  observed,  by  which  I  was  known  in  these  islands,  as  well 
as  on  the  American  coast.  They  then  burst  into  tears,  and  en- 
quired after  Tianna  (Kaiana). 

"From  these  people  I  learned  that  Taheo  (Kaeo),  growing  in- 
firm,    suffered     himself    to    be     entirely    governed    by     Abinui 

( ) ,  who  has  been  already  mentioned  in  the  memoir  of  our 

first  voyage,  and  was  the  deadly  foe  of  Tianna  (Kaiana),  Na- 
maate-haw  (Namakeha),  another  brother  of  Tianna  (Kaiana) 
and  who  was  esteemed,  after  him,  the  bravest  warrior  of  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  had  flew  with  his  brother's  wife  and  children 
to  a  distant  part  of  the  island,  to  escape  from  the  cruel  power  of 
Taheo  (Kaeo)  ;  and  that  some  part  of  their  force  was  at  this 
time  in  arms. 

"It  was,  therefore,  a  very  natural  measure  for  Taheo  (Kaeo) 
to  forbid  all  communication  between  his  subjects  and  us,  as  he 
believed  that  we  had  brought  back  Tianna  (Kaiana)  again:  and 
an  inhuman  proscription  had  been  published,  threatening  him 
with  instant  death,  if  he  should  land  on  that  island.  But,  not- 
withstanding the  taboo,  these  faithful  people  had  ventured  to 
come  off  to  us,  in  order  to  inform  Tianna  (Kaiana),  whom  they 
supposed  to  be  on  board  our  ship,  of  his  danger. — Besides  the 
artless  manner  in  which  these  men  told  their  story,  other  cir- 
cumstances occurred  to  convince  us  of  the  truth  of  it.  No  canoes 
visited  us,  and  we  heard  the  conchs  resounding  from  the  distant 
hills, — a  certain  prelude  of  war. 

"Situated  as  we  were,  and  without  any  other  communication 
with  the  island  but  that  which  the  zeal  of  these  two  men  had  led 
them  to  risk  from  a  principle  of  affection,  we  could  only,  by  their 
means,  inform  Tianna's  (Kaiana's)  wife  and  brother  of  the  ap- 
proaching arrival  of  that  chief,  who  would  shortly  return  in  a 
situation  to  support  them  and  himself  against  the  unnatural  pro- 
ceedings  of   their  tyrannic  brother,   and   his   inhuman   minister. 


1788  10 

This  consolatory  and  encouraging-  intelligence  they  undertook  to 
deliver,  with  certain  presents  to  Namaatehaw  (Namakeha),  and 
the  wife  of  Tianna  ( Kaiana )  and  having  received  such  as  were 
provided  for  themselves,  they  took  a  hasty  leave,  and  paddled 
swiftlv  to  the  shore. 

"Till  the  25th  (Saturday),  at  noon,  wc  remained  in  expectation 
of  receiving  some  intelligence  from  the  island ;  when  not  seeing 
a  single  canoe  in  motion,  we  weighed,  and  proceeded  to  Onee- 
heow,  (Niihau)  where  we  anchored  about  six  o'clock  in  the  even- 
ing, nearly  in  the  same  position  which  we  had  occupied  in  the 
preceding  year. 

"On  arriving  off  this  island  we  did  not  experience  the  opera- 
tions of  anv  prohibition  against  us ;  on  the  contrary,  we  were 
surrounded  by  a  crowd  of  natives,  among  whom  were  many  of 
our  old  friends,  whom  we  perfectly  recollected,  so  that  the  ship 
was  very  shortly  filled  with  visitors  of  all  ages  and  both  sexes. 
Rut  among  several  who  expressed  their  joy  to  see  us,  and  who 
retained  the  remembrance  of  our  kindness  to  them,  was  that  af- 
fectionate islander  to  whom  some  of  our  officers  had  formerly 
given  the  well  known,  and  I  may  add,  honourable  appelation  of 
'Friday';  and  if  any  of  the  companions  of  my  former  voyage 
should  peruse  this  page,  they,  I  am  sure,  will  recollect  with 
somewhat  of  a  grateful  remembrance,  the  friendly  and  faithful 
services  of  honest  Friday.  Those  services  he  now  repeated  ;  in- 
deed, on  the  first  sight  of  the  ship,  he  swam  off  to  make  an  offer 
of  them,  and  they  proved  of  the  utmost  importance  to  us. 

"We  had  at  this  time  neither  bread  or  flour  on  board,  and  de- 
pended on  procuring  a  (|uantity  of  yams  sufficient  to  supply  our 
wants  during  the  remainder  of  the  voyage.  But  as  this  was  not 
the  season  for  them,  and  they  were  too  young  to  be  dug  up,  we 
should  have  found  it  a  matter  of  great  difficulty  to  have  ob- 
tained a  sufficient  quantity,  if  our  friend  I'>iday  had  not  under- 
taken the  important  negotiation.  We  therefore  provided  him 
with  such  articles  as  were  the  most  likely  to  forward  our  pur- 
poses ;  and,  by  his  influence  and  perseverence.  assisted  with  the 
bribes  in  his  possession,  he  persuaded  many  of  his  friends  to  dig 
up  the  largest  yams  they  could  find,  and  bring  them  to  market ; 
so  that  we  at  length  obtained  several  tons  of  these  most  neces- 
sary provisions  by  the  morning  of  the  27th ;  and  at  noon  we  pre- 
pared to  put  to  sea.  I  am  really  at  a  loss  how  to  describe  the 
very  marked  concern,  both  in  words  and  looks,  that  the  inhab- 
itants of  this  island  expressed,  when  they  were  informed  of  our 
approaching  departure.  Friday,  however,  remained  to  the  last, 
and  with  him  I  entrusted  a  letter  to  Captain  Douglas,  with  the 
strictest  injuncion  to  deliver  it  into  his  own  hands,  whenever  he 


1788  11 

should  arrive  ;  which  commission  he  readily  undertook,  and  faith- 
fully performed,  as  will  appear  in  that  part  of  the  Iphigenia's 
voyage  which  relates  to  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

"The  subject  of  this  letter  was  to  inform  Captain  Douglas  of 
the  political  state  of  Atooi  (Kauai),  and  to  recommend  such  ar- 
rangement respecting  Tianna  (Kaiana),  as  might  tend  to  rein- 
state him  in  his  rights,  or  place  him  where  he  might  be  secure 
from  the  menaced  injuries  of  his  unnatural  brother.  Nor  was 
Friday  forgotten,  whose  fidelity  and  attachment  were  already 
known  to  Captain  Douglas,  who  was  an  officer  on  board  my  ship 
during  our  first  voyage.  I  now  presented  that  good  fellow  with 
such  articles  as  I  well  knew  would  afford  him  the  satisfaction  he 
deserved;  when  after  securing  them  in  his  maro  (malo)  which  is 
a  cloth  that  these  people  wear  around  their  middle,  he  plunged 
into  the  sea ;  and  as  he  swam  towards  the  shore,  from  time  to 
time  turned  his  head  towards  us,  and  waived  one  hand,  while  he 
buft'etted  the  billows  with  the  other. 

■'The  wind  blew  fresh  from  the  East  North  East,  when  we 
weighed  anchor,  and  very  soon  lost  sight  of  the  island  of  Onee- 
heow    (Niihau)." 

VISIT  OF  THE  IPHIGENIA,  CAPTAIN  WM.  DOUGLAS 

The  voyage  of  the  "Iphigenia"  is  now  given  from  the  time  of 
her  separation  from  the  "Felice"  on  Tuesday,  February  12,  1788, 
in  the  Philippines.  She  proceeded  to  the  northwest  coast  of 
America,  with  King  George's  Sound  as  a  rendezvous,  touching  at 
Johnsons  Island  and  other  islands  on  the  voyage. 

"On  Sunday,  March  16,  1788,  'Tawnee'  (Kane),  a  Sandwich 
Islander  from  his  watchful  care  and  anxiety  during  Tianna's 
(Kaiana's)  illness  was  now  sick  himself.  .Several  others  of  the 
crew  were  also  sick.  Tianna  (Kaiana)  was  now  entirely  recov- 
ered, and  owed  the  re-establishment  of  his  health  to  the  Peruvian 
bark,  which  operated  almost  miraculously  upon  the  chief  of  Atooi 
(Kauai). 

"The  poor  amiable  islander  (Tawnee)  at  length  baffled  all  the 
care  which  was  bestowed  upon  him. — A  continual  bleeding  at  the 
nose  was  the  first  symptom ;  and  when  that  stopped,  a  fever  suc- 
ceeded, which  seemed  for  some  short  time  to  yield  to  the  bark ;  but 
the  disorder  at  length  triumphed,  and  Tawnee  (Kane)  was  the 
victim.  About  one  o'clock,  on  the  23rd.  he  quitted  this  world,  and 
was  consigned,  with  the  regret  of  every  one  on  board,  to  a 
watery  grave. 

They   arrived    at   the   North   W^est    Coast   and   cruised    along 


1788  12 

same  until  on  Thursday,  Aug.  28,  1788,  they  met  the  FeHce  in 
Friendly  Cove. 

Monday.  Oct.  27,  1788.  The  "Iphigenia"  remained  m  Friendly 
Cove  after  the  departure  of  the  "Felice,"  till  the  27th  of  October, 
the  interval  of  which  was  employed  in  fitting  the  "North  West 
America"  (which  they  had  just  built)  for  sea  and  making  such 
other  preparations  as  their  approaching  voyage  rendered  neces- 
sary.— At  noon,  on  that  day,  they  quitted  Nootka  Sound,  and  pro- 
ceeded on  their  way  to  the  Sandwich  Islands  ; — at  day  light  on 
Dec.  6,  1788,  the  "Iphigenia"  and  her  consort  ("The  North  West 
America")  were  in  sight  of  Hawaii. 

"The  West  end  of  the  island  then  bore  South  South  West, 
three  quarters  West,  distant  nine  or  ten  leagues  :  and  the  island 
of  Mowee  (Maui)  bore  West,  distant  seven  leagues.  The  wind 
having  drawn  round  to  South  South  West,  occasioned  them  to 
run  over  to  the  South  East  side  of  Mowee  (Maui). 

"Tianna  (Kaiana)  whose  impatience  since  the  "Iphigenia"  left 
Samboingan,  had  sometimes  broken  forth  into  violent  anger,  and 
might  have  been  expected,  on  approaching  his  native  country,  to 
have  assumed  the  shape  of  most  violent  joy,  became  grave  and 
thoughtful ;  and  any  occasional  eagerness  which  animated  his 
looks  and  actions,  when  they  drew  nigh  to  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
rather  implied  the  anxiety  of  expectation,  than  sensations  of 
pleasure. — He  knew  enough  of  the  situation  of  his  country  to 
cause  a  very  powerful  contest  between  hope  and  fear  in  his  bosom  ; 
and  those  apprehensions  of  danger  which  weighed  nothing  with 
him  when  sailing  over  distant  seas  seemed,  in  some  degree,  to 
oppress  his  spirits,  when  he  was  about  to  encounter  it.  It  was 
certainly  a  period  of  most  painful  suspense,  as  he  was  uncertain 
whether  the  treasures  he  possessed  would  be  employed  to  elevate 
him  into  consequence,  or  to  purchase  his  safety ; — whether  they 
would  be  allowed  to  enrich  himself,  or  seized,  to  form  the  wealth 
of  others. — He  had  left  his  island  in  a  state  of  peace,  but  he  had 
every  reason  to  fear  that  he  should  find  it  in  a  state  of  war ; — or 
at  least  under  the  government  of  an  usurped  power,  which  he 
could  not  for  a  moment  suppose  would  be  friendly  to  him.  Such 
appeared  to  be  the  state  of  Tianna's  (Kaiana's)  mind  on  arriv- 
ing among  his  native  islands. 

"We  had  no  sooner  appeared  ofif  Mowee  (Maui)  than  a  great 
number  of  canoes  came  ofif  with  hogs,  yams  and  plantains. — On 
this  side  of  the  island  there  is  a  large  town,  the  residence  of 
Titeeree  (Kahekili),  the  sovereign  of  Mowee  (Maui),  who  was 
at  this  time  on  a  visit  to  Taheo  (Kaeo),  king  of  Atooi  (Kauai), 
in  whose  absence  the  government  was  left  to  the  care  of  Flarwal- 
lenee  (  ),  brother  in  law  of  Tianna  (Kaiana),  of 


1788  13 

whose  arrival  he  was  no  sooner  informed,  than  he  ordered  a 
present  of  hogs  for  the  ship ;  but  before  it  arrived  Tianna  ( Kai- 
ana)  had  observed  his  brother  on  shore,  and  having  dressed  him- 
self in  his  best  apparel,  desired  that  a  message  might  be  sent  to 
invite  him  on  board. — On  his  arrival  they  met  as  brothers  should 
do  after  a  long  separation ;  the  whole  of  their  conduct  to  each 
other  was  affectionate; — they  melted  into  tears,  and  almost  drew 
the  same  from  the  eyes  of  those  who  beheld  them. — After  their 
first  emotions  had  subsided,  the  chief  requested  Captain  Douglas 
to  remain  with  him  for  a  few  days,  and  engaged  to  supply  him 
with  any  quantity  of  provisions  that  might  be  demanded ;  but  as 
he  saw  no  place  where  the}'  could  come  to  anchor  in  safety,  the 
surf  at  the  same  time  beating  with  great  violence,  and  an  heavy 
swell  with  the  wind  blowing  in  shore.  Captain  Douglas  was  under 
the  necessity  of  declining  the  invitation. 

"Tianna  (Kaiana)  being  extremely  anxious  to  visit  Owhyhee 
(Hawaii),  they  wore,  and  stood  at  noon  for  the  North  West 
point  of  that  island. 

"At  noon  on  the  7th  (Sunday)  a  canoe  from  Owhyhee  (Ha- 
waii) came  along  side,  with  a  friend  of  Tianna  (Kaiana),  who 
had  heard  in  the  course  of  the  night  from  Mowee  (Maui),  of  his 

arrived. — In  the  afternoon  several  relations  of  Abinui  ( 

.  . .  .)  came  on  board,  and  in  the  evening  Tianna  (Kaiana)  dis- 
patched a  friend  to  Tome-homy-haw  (Kamehameha),  to  give  him 
notice  of  their  approach. 

"On  the  following  morning  (Monday,  Dec.  8,  1788)  a  great 
number  of  canoes  came  off  from  Toe-yah-yah  Bay  (Kawaihae 
Bay),  with  hogs,  fowls,  and  taro-root. — The  winds  were  light 
and  variable,  and  the  latitude,  by  observation,  20°  11'  North.  At 
sun-set  the  extremes  of  Owhyhee  (Hawaii)  bore  from  North  to 
South  by  North,  distance  off  shore  three  leagues. 

"At  two  in  the  morning  there  was  a  heavy  rain,  with  thunder 
and  lightening.  At  day-light  they  had  lost  sight  of  the  'North 
West  America' ;  but  at  nine  saw  her  close  in  shore.  At  eleven 
they  hove  to  till  the  schooner  came  up.  At  noon  they  were  only 
four  miles  oft"  shore,  and  the  observed  latitude  was  10°  44'  North. 
In  the  afternoon  several  of  Tianna's  (Kaiana's)  relations  came 
on  board ;  and  so  liberal  was  he  disposed  to  be  to  them  all,  that 
if  he  had  not  been  checked  in  his  generousity,  the  whole  of  his 
treasure  would  have  been  divided  among  them. 

"The  king  also  sent  a  present  to  Captain  Douglas,  accompanied 
with  a  message  that  he  would  pay  him  a  visit  as  soon  as  he  had 
come  to  anchor  in  the  bay. 

"The  current  having  sent  them  a  considerable  way  to  the  North- 
ward  (Wednesday,  Dec.   10,  1788),  at  day-light  they  made  sail 


1788  14 

for  the  bay :  and  at  noon  the  latitude,  by  observation  was  19°  35' 
North. 

"Tianna  (Kaiana)  now  dispatched  one  of  the  chiefs  who  had 
come  to  welcome  his  arrival,  to  invite  the  King  to  come  on  board  ; 
and  at  two  in  the  afternoon  he  made  his  appearance  in  a  large 
double  canoe,  attended  by  twelve  others  of  the  same  size,  beauti- 
fully adorned  with  feathers.  As  soon  as  he  came  on  board.  Cap- 
tain Douglas  saluted  him  with  seven  guns.  After  crying  over 
Tianna  (Kaiana)  for  a  considerable  time,  the  King  presented 
Captain  Douglas  with  a  most  beautiful  fan,  and  two  long- feath- 
ered cloaks.  The  light  winds  and  number  of  canoes  hanging  on 
the  ship,  prevented  her  from  making  any  way  through  the  water; 
so  that  it  became  a  matter  of  necessity  to  request  his  Majesty  to 
taboo  the  ship,  with  which  he  readily  complied,  desiring  permis- 
sion, at  the  same  time,  for  himself  and  several  of  the  chiefs  to 
sleep  on  board. 

"(Thursday,  Dec.  11,  1788.)  They  continued  working  into  the 
bay  till  two  o'clock  in  the  morning ;  when  they  dropped  anchor  in 
21  fathoms  water,  at  the  distance  of  three  quarters  of  a  mile  from 
shore.  The  King  professed  the  warmest  friendship  for  the  Cap- 
tain of  the  Tphigenia,' — declared  that  the  island  should  belong 
to  him  while  he  remained  there. — and,  to  prove  the  sincerity  of 
his  regard,  exchanged  names  with  him.  But  however  flattering 
all  these  attentions  might  be.  Captain  Douglas  thought  it  not 
impossible  but  that  some  attempt  might  be  made  to  seize  the 
schooner,  as  she  appeared  to  be  small,  and  her  crew  few  in  num- 
ber ;  he  therefore  in  the  evening,  carried  the  King  on  board  the 
'North  West  America,'  when  by  saluting  him  with  all  her  guns, 
and  other  explanations  concerning  the  possibility  of  defending 
her,  when  attacked,  by  retiring  to  close  quarters,  the  difficulty  of 
getting  possession  of  her  must  have  appeared  very  evident  to  the 
royal  visitor. 

"When,  however,  Tianna  (Kaiana)  explained  to  him  the  man- 
ner and  time  in  which  she  was  built,  he  entreated  that  a  carpen- 
ter might  be  left  at  Owhyhee  (Hawaii)  to  assist  Tianna  (Kaiana) 
in  forming  such  another ;  and,  indeed,  so  earnest  were  the  re- 
quests of  them  both  on  this  subject,  that  it  was  necessary  to 
make  something  of  a  conditional  promise,  at  least,  for  their  pres- 
ent satisfaction. 

"(Friday,  Dec.  12,  1788.)  On  the  morning  of  the  12th  the 
Captains  of  both  ships  accompanied  the  King  and  Tianna  (Kai- 
ana) in  the  jolly-boat,  on  shore.  They  were  met  on  the  beach  bv 
three  priests,  who  chaunted  a  kind  of  .song,  and  presented  a  small 
hog  and  cocoa-nut ;  the  former  of  which  was  given  by  the  King 
to  Captain  Douglas. — This  ceremonv  continued  about  ten  min- 


1788  15 

utes,  after  which  they  were  introduced  into  a  large  house  spread 
with  mats,  and  a  kind  of  party-colored  cloth ;  when,  after  the 
repetition  of  these  ceremonies,  and  the  priest  had  chaunted  a 
third  song,  two  baked  hogs  were  brought  in,  of  which  the  English 
gentlemen  alone  ate,  and  then  proceeded  to  take  a  walk,  in  which 
they  were  not  interrupted  by  a  single  person,  as  all  the  natives 
were  tabooed  on  the  occasion,  and,  of  course,  confined  to  their 
houses. 

"Nothing  was  seen  in  this  little  excursion  worth  repetition, 
but  a  clump  of  cocoa-nut  trees,  whose  trunks  were  pierced  by 
the  balls  of  the  'Resolution'  and  the  'Discovery"  (nine  years  be- 
fore, in  1779).  It  being  extremely  hot  they  returned  and  dined 
with  the  King,  on  fresh  fish  and  potatoes. — The  other  chiefs  sat 
at  some  distance  during  the  dinner,  and  then  made  their  meal  on 
roasted  dogs,  taro-roots  and  potatoes ;  as  at  this  season  of  the  year 
even  the  chiefs  are  forbidden  to  eat  hogs  and  fowls,  from  the 
King  down  to  the  lowest  Eree  (Alii).  In  the  evening  the  King 
and  Queen  returned  with  Captain  Douglas  on  board  the  'Iphi- 
genia,'  as  they  considered  it  to  be  a  luxury  of  no  common  de- 
scription to  sleep  in  his  cot. 

"Saturday,  Dec.  13,  1788.  This  day  was  chiefly  employed  in 
killing  and  salting  down  hogs ;  but  as  the  coppers  on  board  for 
heating  the  water  were  very  small,  they  made  but  slow  progress 
in  this  necessary  occupation. 

"At  three  in  the  morning  of  the  14th,  the  schooner  came  under 
the  stern  of  the  Tphigenia,'  when  Captain  Funter  gave  the  very 
disagreeable  information  that  she  had  parted  her  cable. — After 
having  moored  her  to  the  'Iphigenia,'  Tianna  (Kaiana)  was  re- 
quested to  go  on  shore,  and  entreat  the  King  to  send  ofif  his 
divers,  in  order  to  recover  the  anchor ;  and  at  8  o'clock  he  came 
off  with  them.  The  schooner  having  lain  in  thirty  fathoms  water, 
and  not  having  left  more  than  three  or  four  fathoms  of  cable,  a 
very  great  depth  must  have  remained  for  the  natives  to  have  ex- 
plored, in  order  to  succeed  in  the  business  about  which  they  were 
to  be  employed.  The  following  ceremony,  however,  was  to  be 
performed,  before  they  entered  upon  their  search ; — When  their 
canoes  were  arrived  at  the  place  where  the  anchor  lay,  several 
calabashes  with  Taro-root  were  presented  by  a  chief  to  six  men, 
who  employed  about  half  an  hour  at  the  repast ;  when  one  of  the 
chiefs  who  accompanied  them  gave  three  loud  yells,  and  waved  a 
piece  of  white  cloth  over  his  head ;  at  this  signal  the  six  men 
plunged  into  the  sea,  and  disappeared  in  a  moment. — Four  of  the 
six  remained  beneath  the  water  about  five  minutes ;  the  fifth  con- 
tinued about  a  minute  longer,  and  when  he  came  up  was  almost 
exhausted ;  two  men  immediately  seized  and  dragged  him  to  the 


1788  16 

boat; — In  the  mean  time  there  was  no  appearance  of  the  sixth, 
who  was  considered  as  lost,  when  he  was  seen  near  the  surface 
of  the  water,  but  sinking  down  again ;  three  of  the  divers,  how- 
ever, phmged  instantly  after  him,  and  brought  him  up,  but  in  a 
senseless  state,  and  with  streams  of  blood  issuing  from  his  mouth 
and  nostrils. — It  was  some  time  before  he  was  sufficiently  recov- 
ered to  inform  them  that  he  had  not  only  got  hold  of  the  cable, 
but  had  cleared  it.  This  man,  according  to  the  account  of  Cap- 
tain Funter  of  the  'North  West  America,'  was  beneath  the  water 
the  space  of  seven  minutes  and  a  half.  It  appeared,  however, 
that  the  anchor  was  in  too  great  a  depth  of  water  to  afford  any 
prospect  of  its  being  recovered. — These  people  were  amply  re- 
warded for  their  exertions. 

"Captain  Douglas  having  given  orders  to  right  the  anchor, 
thought  it  prudent  to  move  further  in  toward  the  village  of  Kow- 
rowa  (Kailua)  and  dropped  anchor  in  twenty  fathoms  water, 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  shore  ; — but,  finding  it  to  be 
bad  ground,  a  warp  was  run  out,  and  the  ship  hauled  into  14 
fathoms  water. 

"Monday,  Dec.  15,  1788.  At  day-light  the  jolly-boat  was  sent 
to  sound,  when,  on  its  being  discovered  that  the  ground  was  by 
no  means  clear  of  the  coral  rock,  on  the  Kowrowa  (Kailua)  side, 
they  weighed  anchor,  and  warped  the  ship  opposite  Sandy  Bay, 
on  the  Karakakooa  (Kealakekua)  side,  where  they  dropped  the 
bower  anchor  in  20  fathoms  water,  with  a  bottom  of  grey  sand ; 
the  two  points  which  form  the  bay,  wearing  West  half  North,  to 
South  one  quarter  West,  distant  off  shore  about  one  mile.  The 
evening  was  employed  in  killing  and  salting  provisions. 

"Tianna  (Kaiana)  had  now  determined  to  remain  at  Owhyhee 
(Hawaii),  as  Tome-homy-haw  (Kamehameha)  had  given  him  a 
large  tract  of  land  in  that  island,  where  he  would  live  in  a  state 
of  honour  and  security  which  the  reigning  distractions  and  jeal- 
ousies of  the  government  of  Atooi  (Kauai)  would  have  denied 
him  ;  besides,  it  was  a  matter  of  no  great  difficulty  to  get  his  wife 
and  the  rest  of  his  family  from  thence  to  his  new  settlement. 

"h'riday,  Dec.  19,  1788.  The  weather  having  been  very  squally 
to  the  Westward  for  some  days  past.  Captain  Douglas  was  appre- 
hensive of  a  gale  of  wind  blowing  from  the  sea ;  he  was  therefore 
determined  to  get  under  way,  and  go  in  search  of  some  place, 
among  the  other  islands  where  the  vessels  might  lie  in  safety. 
In  the  morning,  therefore,  they  unmoored  the  ship,  but  in  heav- 
ing the  small  bower  they  founrl  the  cable  had  parted. — On  the  very 
instant  this  discovery  was  made,  the  King  and  his  chiefs  secretly 
quitted  the  ship  and  paddled  hastily  to  the  shore. — As  the  clinch 
was  cut,  to  all  appearance  by  design,  there  was  little  doubt  on 


1788  17 

whom  to  fix  the  mischief:  Tianna  (Kaiana),  therefore,  was 
sent  to  inform  the  King  of  the  circumstance,  as  well  as  the  sus- 
picions connected  with  it,  and  that  if  the  anchor  was  not  found, 
his  town  should  be  blown  about  his  ears.  This  threat  had  the 
desired  effect,  for  in  a  short  time  Tianna  (Kaiana)  returned  with 
a  party  of  divers,  who,  after  a  repetition  of  the  ceremonies  al- 
ready described,  leaped  into  the  water  and  disappeared,  but  no 
anchor  was  to  be  seen. — They  were  sent  down  the  second  time  with 
the  same  success. — At  length  the  buoy-rope  was  hooked  with  a 
small  grapnel,  so  that  the  divers  had  now  no  excuse  whatever  as 
to  the  uncertainty  where  the  anchor  lay ;  accordingly  two  of  them 
went  down  with  a  three  and  half  inch  rope,  and  bent  it  in  twenty 
fathoms,  as  well  as  if  they  had  been  on  shore,  so  that  this  im- 
portant object  was  fortunately  recovered;  the  Iqss  of  which  would 
have  been  very  distressing,  as  they  had  only  one  bower  left,  and 
a  heavy  sheet-anchor,  but  without  any  cable  of  sufficient  strength 
to  bring  the  latter  to  the  bows. 

"In  the  morning  (Sunday,  Dec.  20,  1788)  they  had  light 
breezes  from  the  land,  and  as  they  were  heaving  up  the  anchor, 
in  order  to  get  an  offing,  an  heavy  squall  appearing  to  be  brewing 
from  the  Westward,  the  King,  accompanied  by  Tianna  (Kaiana) 
and  several  chiefs,  came  on  board ;  but  the  former,  when  he  found 
that  we  shot  out  from  the  bay,  thought  it  time  to  depart,  and  ac- 
cordingly left  the  ship,  attended  by  upwards  of  an  hundred  canoes. 

"As  soon  as  they  had  an  offing,  they  hove  to,  and  the  squall 
clearing  away,  Tianna's  (Kaiana's)  treasures  were  ordered  to  be 
brought  upon  deck.  They  consisted  of  saws  of  different  kinds, 
gimblets,  hatchets,  adzes,  knives  and  choppers,  cloth  of  various 
fabrics,  carpets  of  several  colors,  a  considerable  quantity  of 
China-ware,  and  ten  bars  of  iron. — These  riches,  for  such  they 
may  be  truly  denominated  to  the  owner  of  them,  were  not  to  be 
trusted  in  one  bottom  ;  and  as  there  yet  remained  about  the  ship 
several  double  canoes  that  carried  each  from  40  to  50  men,  his 
trunk  was  handed  into  one  of  them,  the  bars  of  iron  into  another, 
and  so  on,  till  he  had  no  less  than  5  canoes  charged  with  his 
treasure,  which  was  securely  lashed  to  them. — Tianna  (Kaiana) 
after  intreating  Captain  Douglas  again  and  again  to  bring  his 
family  from  Atooi  (Kauai)  to  Owhyhee  (Hawaii),  took  a  most 
affectionate  leave  of  him  and  the  whole  crew,  who  had  so  long 
been  his  constant  companions  and  friends ;  nor  were  the  latter 
without  their  emotions  of  regard,  when  they  saw  the  chief,  whose 
amiable  disposition  and  superior  qualities  had  won  their  sincere 
esteem  through  the  connection  of  a  long  and  dangerous  voyage, 
about  to  be  seperated  from  them. — As  Tianna  (Kaiana)  left  the 
ship,  accompanied  by  a  numerous  train  of  his  relations  in  their 


1788  18 

respective  canoes.  Captain  Douglas  ordered  a  salute  of  seven  guns, 
as  a  mark  of  esteem  to  that  respectable  chief,  and  immediately 
made  sail  to  the  North  West." 

Though  several  European  vessels  have  been  off  the  island,  yet 
as  the  'Iphigenia'  alone  had  anchored  in  Karakakooa-bay  (Kea- 
lakekua  Bay),  and  Captain  Douglas  and  his  people  were  the  only 
Europeans  who  have  ventured  on  shore  at  Owhyhee  (Hawaii) 
since  the  unfortunate  death  of  Captain  Cook,  the  changes  which 
have  taken  place  in  the  island  since  that  lamentable  event,  as  far 
as  they  came  to  the  knowledge  of  Captain  Douglas,  may  be  con- 
sidered, perhaps,  as  a  matter  of  sufficient  curiosity  to  justify  a 
cursory  mention  of  them. 

Many  of  the  chiefs  whom  Captain  King  thought  proper  to 
particularise,  are  no  more  ;  and  among  them  the  friendly  Kairee- 
keea  (  "  )  and  the  treacherous  Koah  (Koa)  ; — 

but  Eappo  (Hiapo)  the  faithful  Eappo  (Hiapo),  who  may  be  re- 
membered as  having  brought  the  bones  of  the  illustrious  navigator 
to  Captain  Clerke,  and  who  had  married  Tianna's  (Kaiana's) 
sister,  was  now  on  board  the  'Iphigenia,'  where  he  had  lived  ever 
since  her  arrival  off  the  island.  As  to  the  revolution  in  the  gov- 
ernment, the  most  accurate  account,  in  the  opinion  of  Captain 
Douglas,  was  as  follows : 

About  3  years  after  the  death  of  Captain  Cook,  ]\laiha  Maiha 
(Kamehameha), — for  that  was  the  name  which  Tomehomy-haw 
(Kamehameha)  then  bore, — has  occassion  to  send  a  message  to 
Tereeoboo  (Kalaniopuu)  who,  for  some  reason  which  did  not 
appear,  thought  proper  to  put  the  messenger  to  death. — But  Maiha 
Maiha  (Kamehameha)  being  a  very  powerful  chief,  and  possess- 
ing a  bold  and  active  disposition,  contrived  to  unite  the  greater 
part  of  those  of  his  rank  to  join  with  him  in  forwarding  his  re- 
venge. He,  therefore,  went  immediately  to  the  King,  who  be- 
came so  irritated  by  his  provoking  accusations,  as  to  resent  the 
insult  by  a  blow.  On  this  act,  whicli  we  must  sui:>pose  to  have 
been  considered  as  in  the  highest  degree  criminal  in  the  King  him- 
self, the  Chiefs  of  the  island  sat  in  judgment  during  three  days, 
when  it  was  determined  by  the  council,  that  Tereeoboo  (Kalani- 
opuu )  shoulfl  suffer  death.  A  cup  of  poison,  therefore,  was  in- 
stantly prepared,  and  being  given  to  ]\Taiha  ^Maiha  (Kameha- 
meha )  was  presented  by  him  to  the  King,  who  refused  it  twice ; 
when  being  informed  that  another  and  more  dishonourable  mode 
of  punishment  was  at  hand,  and  in  observing  that  an  executioner 
.stood  by  his  side,  in  a  state  of  preparation  to  knock  out  his  brains, 
the  wretched  sovereign,  in  an  agony  of  despair,  drank  off  the 
deadly  draught,  and  in  a  few  moments  fell  from  his  seat  and 
expircfl. 


1788  19 

The  same  power  which  doomed  Tereeoboo  (Kalaniopuu)  to 
death,  deprived  his  son  of  the  royal  succession,  and  Maiha  Maiha 
(Kamehameha)  was  proclaimed  King,  by  the  name  of  Tome- 
homy-haw    ( Kamehameha ) . 

Such  was  the  most  probable  history  of  this  revolution  ; — though 
the  King  himself  topk  no  common  pains  to  persuade  Captain 
Douglas  that  Tereeoboo  (Kalaniopuu)  was  poisoned  for  having 
encouraged  the  natives  to  the  murder  of  Captain  Cook. 

Tome-homy-haw  (Kamehameha),  however,  appeared  to  be 
rather  an  object  of  fear  than  love  among  his  subjects. — As  far  as 
could  be  observed,  he  was  of  a  tyrannic  disposition,  and  pos- 
sessed few  of  those  qualities  which  gain  a  sovereign  the  first  of 
all  titles, — the  Father  of  his  people.  Captain  Douglas  mentions 
a  circumstance  which  proves  at  least,  that  if  a  blow  from  the  hand 
or  a  weapon  was  considered  at  Owhyhee  ( Hawaii )  as  capital 
ofifence  even  in  the  King,  the  same  violence  from  the  foot  was,  by 
no  means,  considered  as  partaking  of  the  same  criminal  nature. — 
Some  of  the  chiefs  proposing,  on  seeing  Captain  Douglas  shav- 
ing himself,  that  the  King  should  undergo  the  same  operation, 
his  Majesty  thought  proper  to  kick  them  all,  one  after  the  other, 
not  only  without  fear,  but  without  mercy. 

Sunday,  Dec.  21,  1788.  On  the  21st  the  ships  made  sail  for 
Mowee  (Maui)  with  the  wind  from  the  South.  At  noon  the  ob- 
served latitude  was  20°  36'  North,  distant  from  Mowee  (Maui) 
4  miles. 

A  fresh  gale  springing  up  from  the  Southward  they  ran  up  to 
the  head  of  the  bay,  and  had  regular  soundings  from  13  to  5 
fathoms  of  water  over  coral  rock,  with  some  spots  of  sand,  where 
they  might  have  anchored  with  safety  to  their  cables,  if  the  wind 
had  not  blown  so  fresh  from  shore.  They,  therefore,  hauled  out 
of  the  bay,  and  steered  for  the  West  point  of  the  island.  At  6 
in  the  evening,  they  dropped  the  small  bower  anchor  in  five 
fathoms  and  an  half  of  water,  over  sand  and  shells,  and  moored 
with  the  stream  anchor,  half  a  cable  each  way. 

No  material  occurrence  took  place  from  the  21st,  but  an  at- 
tempt of  the  natives  to  cut  the  cable  while  the  "Iphigenia"  was 
at  anchor  ofif  the  Island  of  Mowee  (Maui),  for  which  one  of 
them  received  a  very  severe  correction.  They  had  continued  for 
several  days  to  beat  about  in  search  of  a  good  anchoring  place ; 
and  on  the  30th.  they  worked  round  the  South  East  end  of  the 
Island  of  Woahoo  (Oahu)  and  at  8  in  the  evening  were  close  in 
with  a  large  bay.  The  following  day  (Wednesday,  Dec.  31, 
1788)  at  noon,  on  finding  that  the  current  set  them  down  to- 
wards a  shoal,  which  the  sea  broke  over  with  great  force,  they 
made  sail  and  pushed  out  from  the  land,  when  they  had  5,  4  and  3 


1788-9  20 

and  an  half  fathoms  of  water  about  4  miles  from  shore.  At  4  in 
the  afternoon  they  tacked  and  stood  in,  to  try  for  anchorage;  but 
the  wind  blowing  too  fresh  on  land,  and  a  number  of  shoals  and 
banks  being  under  their  lee,  they  were  obliged  to  put  about. 

Tan.  1,  1789,  Thursday.  Having  stood  ofif  till  4  in  the  morn- 
ing, the  wind  drew  round  to  the  Eastward,  and  brought  clear 
moderate  weather.  They  were  now  informed  by  the  natives  that 
Titeeree  (Kahekili),  the  King,  lived  on  the  East  side  of  the  bay. 
The  jolly-boat  was.  therefore,  sent  to  sound  opposite  a  sandy  bay, 
while  the  'Tphigenia"  stood  off  under  an  easy  sail.  At  noon  the 
jolly-boat  made  signal  for  anchorage,  when  they  accordingly  run 
in  and  dropped  the  stream  anchor  in  11  fathoms  of  water,  over 
sand  and  shells,  at  the  distance  of  about  3  miles  from  a  village, 
and  2  from  an  high  bluff  land  on  the  Eastern  side  of  the  bay.  The 
two  extreme  points  which  form  this  large  bay,  bearing  West  half 
North,  to  East  South  East.  It  is  called  by  the  natives  Witetee 
(Waikiki),  and  the  only  good  anchorage  appears  to  be  on  the 
Eastern  side ;  while  the  trade  winds  blows,  a  vessel  may  ride  in 
safety ;  but  if  the  wind  varies  to  the  South  East  or  West,  it  then 
becomes  dangerous,  on  account  of  the  number  of  shoals  and  banks 
which  it  contains. 

After  they  had  dropped  anchor.  Captain  Douglas  dispatched  a 
present  to  the  King,  accompanied  with  an  invitation  to  see  him 
on  board,  and  at  four  in  the  afternoon  he  paid  a  visit  to  the 
'Tphigenia"  (Thursday,  Jan.  1,  1789).  The  sovereign  of  Woa- 
hoo  (Oahu)  was  saluted  with  the  discharge  of  five  guns  on  his 
arrival  on  board  and  a  second  present  of  adzes,  choppers  and 
knives  was  offered  to  him  ;  when  he  readily  promised  that  the 
taboo  should  be  taken  off  the  hogs,  as  far  as  it  related  to  them, 
and  that  they  should  be  plentifully  supplied  from  the  islands  of 
Mowee  (Maui),  Ranai  (Lanai),  Morotoi  (Molokai)  and  Woa- 
hoo  (Oahu). 

Friday,  Jan.  2,  1789.  In  the  morning  the  King  repeated  his 
visit,  bringing  a  present  of  hogs,  taro-root  and  potatoes,  with  a 
turtle,  and  some  fish  of  the  trout  kind.  Early  in  the  afternoon  he 
went  on  shore,  and  soon  after  Captain  Douglas  followed  him  in 
the  jolly-boat.  He  was  received  very  cordially  by  Titeeree  (Ka- 
hekili) who  took  him  round  the  village,  showed  him  several  plan- 
tations, and  conducted  him  to  some  large  ponds,  which  appeared 
to  be  full  of  fish.  He  mentioned  also  some  others  where  he  had 
a  quantity  of  turtle,  and  promised  to  bring  some  on  board  the 
next  day. 

Saturday,  Jan.  3,  1789.  The  next  morning  Titeeree  (Kahe- 
kili) visited  the  ship,  with  a  present  of  a  turtle  and  some  hogs. 
About  10  o'clock  a  double  canoe,  schooner  rigged,  came  round 


1789  21 

the  East  point  of  the  bay.  The  natives  were  deceived  as  well  as 
the  people  in  the  ship;  for  they  all  imagined  it  to  be  the  "North 
West  America,"  which  had  not  been  seen  for  some  days,  till  the 
canoe  came  within  a  short  distance.  She  had  got  jib,  main-sail 
and  fore-sail  as  well  as  those  of  the  schooner. 

On  the  10th  they  were  joined  by  Captain  Funter  (of  the  "North 
West  America"),  who  had  been  beating  off  the  West  point  of  the 
island  for  several  days  past,  without  being  able  to  join  the  "Iphi- 
genia." 

Nothing  of  material  occurrence  took  place  during  the  time 
which  the  vessels  remained  at  Woahoo  (Oahu),  except  the  loss  of 
both  their  anchors;  which  Titeeree  (Kahekili),  who,  in  every 
other  respect,  behaved  with  the  greatest  kindness,  contrived, 
though  it  blew  a  gale  of  wind,  to  heave  up  and  get  ashore,  with 
their  cables.  As  this  was  a  loss  of  the  utmost  consequence,  and, 
situated  as  they  were,  would  have  prevented  their  future  progress, 
it  became  absolutely  necessary  to  be  very  serious  in  their  endeav- 
ors to  recover  them.  The  King  did  not  attempt  to  hide  the  theft ; 
and  the  people  whom  Captain  Douglas  sent  to  him  to  demand  the 
restoration  of  the  anchors  and  cables,  saw  them  lying  in  his  house. 
Indeed,  they  seem  to  have  been  taken  with  no  other  view  than  to 
compel  Captain  Douglas  to  leave  some  of  his  armourers  at  Woa- 
hoo (Oahu),  as  the  condition  of  their  being  restored.  However, 
the  anchors,  etc.,  were  regained,  on  presenting  the  King  with  a 
pistol,  a  musket,  and  a  small  quantity  of  ammunition ;  accompa- 
nied also  with  some  very  necessary  menaces,  that  if  he  did  not 
restore  the  articles  he  had  taken,  his  town  should  be  laid  in  ashes. 

Sunday,  Jan.  25,  1789.  After  having  laid  in  such  a  stock  of 
provisions  as  it  was  in  their  power  to  purchase  and  having  filled 
some  of  the  casks  with  water,  at  half  past  five  in  the  afternoon  of 
the  25th,  the  two  vessels  got  under  way,  and  stood  out  of  the  bay. 

At  noon  of  the  following  day,  the  observed  latitude  was  21°  23' 
North;  and  the  extremes  of  Woahoo  (Oahu)  bore  from  East  by 
South,  to  North  W^est  by  North,  distant  from  shore  about  4  miles. 

Monday,  Jan.  26,  1789.  At  two  in  the  afternoon  of  the  26th, 
they  saw  the  island  of  Atooi  (Kauai),  bearing  West  by  North 
half  North ;  and  in  the  course  of  the  night  had  a  strong  current 
setting  against  them,  with  the  wind  from  the  Westward.  At 
noon  of  the  29th  they  dropped  anchor  in  Wymoa  Bay  (Waimea 
Bay),  in  23  fathoms  of  water,  over  a  muddy  bottom.  The  two 
extreme  points  which  form  the  bay,  bearing  from  East  South 
East,  to  West  North  West.  The  ]\Iorai  (Heiau)  on  shore,  bore 
North  East  half  North. 

On  the  arrival  of  the  "Iphigenia"  and  the  "North  West  Amer- 
ica" off  the  island,  Taheo  (Kaeo),  the  King,  and  all  the  chiefs, 


1789  22 

had  gone  to  a  considerable  distance  up  the  country,  dreading  the 
eflFects  of  Tianna's  (Kaiana's)  anger,  who,  they  had  been  in- 
formed, was  on  board  one  of  the  vessels,  and  had  tabooed  every- 
thing on  shore ;  but  as  it  was  understood  that  the  chief,  whose 
vengance  was  so  much  dreaded,  had  been  left  at  Owhyhee  (Ha- 
waii), messengers  were  immediately  sent  after  Taheo  (Kaeo), 
who  in  consequence  of  this  information,  returned  in  about  3  days 
to  Wymoa  (Waimea)  ;  and  on  his  arrival,  several  canoes  were 
sent  off  with  hogs,  potatoes  and  yams,  for  which  a  most  exhorbi- 
tant  price  was  demanded.  A  couple  of  hatchets,  or  18  inches  of 
bar  iron,  was  expected  even  for  a  hog  but  of  a  middle  size. 

This  exhorbitant  disposition  arose  principally  from  the  sugges- 
tions of  a  boy,  wdiose  name  was  Samuel  Hitchcock,  who  had  run 
away  from  Captain  Colnett,  and  was  become  a  great  favorite  with 
Taheo  (Kaeo)  himself.  Indeed,  so  great  was  his  influence  with 
the  King,  that  one  of  the  natives  having  stolen  from  him  a  small 
piece  of  cloth  which  he  wore  round  his  middle,  Taheo  (Kaeo) 
ordered  the  culprit  to  be  pursued  to  the  mountains,  whither  he 
had  fled,  and  when  the  wretched  creature  had  been  taken,  both 
his  eyes  were  torn  from  their  sockets,  a  pahoo  (pahoa)  was  then 
driven  through  his  heart,  and  his  flesh  stripped  from  the  bones, 
as  a  bait  for  sharks. 

But  though  Taheo  (Kaeo)  returned  to  Wymoa  (Waimea)  he 
was  by  no  means  without  apprehensions  as  to  his  safety ;  nor 
W'Ould  he  accept  of  Captain  Douglas's  invitation  to  come  on  board 
the  "Iphigenia" ;  feigning  as  an  excuse,  that  he  had  been  ill  used 
by  the  crew  of  a  ship  some  time  before.  This  alarm,  indeed,  in  a 
short  time  subsided,  and  he  paid  his  occasional  visits  to  the  ship, 
and  a  friendly  communication,  at  least  to  all  appearances,  took 
place  between  the  natives  and  their  European  visitors. 

At  the  same  time  it  was  hinted  to  Captain  Douglas  to  be  con- 
tinually on  his  guard  against  the  designs  of  the  King,  and  of 

Abinui  ( )  his  minister  ;  and  he  was  also  informed  of  a 

poisonous  root  well  known  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  Sandwich 
Islands  which  when  ground  to  powder,  might  be  easily  scattered 
about  the  ship,  or  thrown  upon  their  clothes,  without  being  ob- 
served, and  whose  power  is  of  such  a  deadly  nature,  that  if  the 
smallest  quantity  of  it  should  be  inhaled  by  the  mouth  or  nos- 
trils, the  consequence  is  immediate  death  ;  Captain  Douglas,  there- 
fore, although  he  did  not  very  much  suspect  any  murderous  inten- 
tion in  Taheo  (Kaeo)  or  his  people,  thought  it  a  prudent  precau- 
tion, at  all  events,  to  make  known  his  intention,  if  any  attempt 
was  made  to  poison  any  of  the  provisions  sold  to  them  that  he 
would  not  leave  a  native  alive  whom  he  should  find  within  his 
reach. 


1789  23 

But  though  the  quantity  of  hogs  and  roots  which  they  could 
obtain  on  Atooi  (Kauai),  were  by  no  means  equal  to  their  expec- 
tations or  sometimes  even  to  their  immediate  necessities,  oppor- 
tunities w^ere  taken  of  doing  considerable  service,  by  making  such 
repairs  in  sails,  cordage,  and  other  articles,  which  were  essen- 
tially necessary  to  the  condition  of  both  the  vessels.  It  was  there- 
fore determined  to  proceed  to  Oneeheow  (Niihau)  ;  and  as  Na- 
mitahaw  (Namakeha),  with  six  of  his  relations,  and  four  women, 
expressed  their  wishes  to  accompany  Tianna's  (Kaiana's)  wife 
and  child  to  Owhyhee  (Hawaii),  he  took  them  all  on  board,  in 
the  expectation  that  they  would  be  of  very  great  service  to  him 
in  procuring  such  provisions  as  he  wanted,  in  the  island  he  was 
proceeding  to  visit. 

Wednesday,  Feb.  18,  1789.  At  two  in  the  afternoon  of  Wed- 
nesday, the  18th  of  February,  both  vessels  got  under  way;  and  at 
sun-setting.  Wymoa  Bay  (Waimea  Bay)  bore  North  East.  At 
noon  the  following  day  (Thursday,  Feb.  19,  1789)  the  South 
West  end  of  Oneeheow  (Niihau)  bore  West,  at  a  distance  of  one 
mile.  But  strong  gales  coming  on  from  the  North  West,  and 
finding  that  they  drove  a  considerable  way  to  the  Southward  and 
Eastward  of  Oneeheow  (Niihau)  and  Atooi  (Kauai),  and  there 
being  every  appearance  that  the  wind  would  continue  to  the 
Westward.  Captain  Douglas  determined  to  run  over  to  Woahoo 
(Oahu),  in  order  to  get  a  fresh  supply  of  provisions,  as  they 
had  killed  their  last  hog.  Accordingly  on  Saturday  the  21st.  at 
four  in  the  afternoon,  a  fresh  gale  springing  up  from  the  North 
North  West,  they  bore  away  for  Woahoo  (Oahu).  At  noon  on 
the  following  day  (Sunday,  Feb.  22,  1789)  they  past  the  West- 
ern point  of  Witetee  (Waikiki)  Bay,  the  sounding  being  from 
14  to  3  fathoms  of  water,  and  distant  5  or  6  miles  from  the 
shore.  Captain  Douglas  observes  that  this  shoal  runs  out  fur- 
ther than  any  he  had  encountered  among  these  islands,  and  that 
it  lies  in  the  latitude  of  21°  22'  North,  and  the  longitude  of 
202°   15'  East  of  Greenwich. 

In  the  morning  of  the  23rd  they  came  to  their  former  anchor- 
ing ground;  and  at  nine,  Titeeree  (Kahekili)  came  on  board, 
and  some  of  the  passengers  having  informed  him  of  the  price 
paid  for  provisions  at  Atooi  (Kauai),  he  was  disposed  to  imi- 
tate the  exorbitant  demands  of  the  neighboring  island ;  and  no 
inconsiderable  quantity  of  powder  and  shot,  for  those  were  now 
become  the  favorite  articles,  was  demanded  for  a  single  hog; 
so  that  very  peremptory  methods  were  obliged  to  be  employed 
in   order  to  procure  the   necessary  supplies. 

(Tuesday,  Feb.  24.  1789.)  A  fresh  breeze  springing  up  from 
the  Westward  about   noon,  on   the  24th,   Captain   Douglas   em- 


1789  24 

braced  the  favorable  occasion  to  get  over  to  Owhyhee  (Ha- 
waii), where  he  hoped  to  find  greater  plenty,  and  more  reason- 
able demands. 

At  noon  on  the  2nd  of  ^larch,  (Jwhyhee  (Hawaii)  bore  from 
North  half  West,  to  South  East  by  South,  distant  from  the 
shore  about  two  leagues;  and  very  shortly  after  Tianna  (Kai- 
ana)  came  on  board  from  a  part  of  the  island  called  Toee-Hye 
(Kawaihae),  and  when  he  had  indulged  himself  for  some  time  in 
the  oppressive  joy  of  yearning  nature  at  the  sight  of  his  wife 
and  child,  he  conducted  the  ship  into  a  bay  called  by  the  natives 
Tiroway  (Kailua)  and  at  four  in  the  afternoon,  they  anchored 
in  16  fathoms  of  water,  over  a  fine  sand,  the  two  extreme  points 
bearing  from  South  South  East  half  East,  distant  from  shore 
about  a  mile  and  a  half. 

In  the  evening,  by  the  provident  care  of  Tianna  (Kaiana) 
they  received  considerable  quantity  of  refreshments.  Early  the 
next  morning  (Tuesday,  jMarch  3,  1789)  the  jolly-boat  was 
sent  to  sound  the  Bay,  when  good  ground  was  found  all  across 
it,  from  14  to  22  fathoms  of  water,  over  a  fine  brown  sand. 

The  King  having  been  on  a  fishing  party,  he  did  not  arrive 
till  4  in  the  afternoon ;  when  he  came,  accompanied  by  his  Queen 
and  daughter,  in  two  dispatch  boats,  having  quitted  his  heavy' 
canoes  and  attendants.  He  appeared  to  be  overjoyed  at  their 
return, — expressed  his  hopes  that  Tianna  (Kaiana)  had  paid 
them  all  proper  attention  in  his  absence,  and  assured  them  that 
his  power  in  the  island,  and  all  he  himself  possessed  in  it,  was 
art:  their  command.  Indeed,  the  quantity  of  provisions  with 
which  he  caused  them  to  be  furnished,  and  his  anxious  endeav- 
ors to  forward  the  wishes  of  Captain  Douglas  in  every  thing, 
proved,  beyond  doubt,  the  sincerity  of  his  professions. 

The  next  day  (Wednesday,  March  4,  1789)  at  an  early  hour. 
Tome-homy-haw  (Kamehameha),  Tianna  (Kaiana),  and  several 
other  chiefs  came  on  board  the  "Iphigenia,"  and  soon  after  the 
whole  company  was  dismissed  by  the  King,  except  Tianna  (Kai- 
ana) ;  and  having  thrown  a  feather  cloak  over  Captain  Douglas, 
the  chief,  in  the  name  of  the  sovereign  and  himself,  began  to 
enfold  the  secrets  of  their  political  situation. 

He  stated  that  Taheo  (Kaeo),  king  of  Atooi  (Kauai),  and 
Titeeree  (Kahekili),  the  sovereign  of  Mowee  (Maui),  Ranai 
(Lanai),  Morotoi  (Molokai)  and  Woahoo  (Oahu),  had  entered 
into  a  compact  with  Terremoweeree  (Keawemauhili),  the  sur- 
viving son  of  Tereeoboo  (Kalaniopuu)  who  lived  on  the  weather 
side  of  the  island,  to  dispossess  Tome-homy-haw  (Kamehameha) 
of  his  rank  and  power  for  no  other  reason  but  because  he  had 
])crmitted   Tianna    (Kaiana)    to   fix   his   settlement   at   Owhyhee 


1789  2?> 

(Hawaii); — That  Taheo  (Kaeo)  had  been  furnished  by  Cap- 
tains Portlock,  Dixon,  etc.,  with  a  quantity  of  arms  and  ammu- 
nition, on  an  express  condition  that  he  would  not  afiford  any 
suppHes  whatever  to  Captain  Meares  and  his  associates ; — for  the 
truth  of  which  information,  he  appealed  to  the  reception  which 
that  gentleman  had  lately  found  on  putting  into  the  island  of 
Atooi  (Kauai),  where  he  could  not  obtain  any  refreshment  of 
any  kind.  And  Tianna  (Kaiana),  with  tears  in  his  eyes,  and 
the  most  affectionate  expressions,  declared  his  apprehensions  of 
the  distress  which  Captain  Meares  and  his  crew  must  have  suf- 
fered from  the  want  of  provisions  before  he  reached  Macao,  if 
he  should  have  been  able,  by  any  means,  to  have  completed  his 
voyage  to  China.  The  speech,  which  was  of  considerable  length, 
concluded  with  entreating  Captain  Douglas  to  leave  two  of  his 
men  behind  him,  till  his  return  from  America,  together  with  a 
swivel  gun,  his  own  fowling  piece,  and  whatever  other  arms 
and  ammunition  could  be  spared  by  him. 

The  preparations  which  Captain  Douglas  had  seen  at  the 
other  islands,  and  the  great  demand  he  had  experienced  for 
powder,  shot  and  muskets,  induced  him  to  give  some  credit  to 
the  scheme  which  Tianna  (Kaiana)  had  just  mentioned;  he, 
therefore,  complied  with  that  part  of  the  request  which  related 
to  the  fire-arms,  and  immediately  orderec|  the  carpenter  on 
shore,  to  form  a  stage  on  one  of  the  largest  double  canoes,  to 
receive  the  swivel. 

In  the  afternoon  of  the  following  day  (Thursday,  March  3, 
1789)  the  carpenter  having  finished  the  canoe,  she  was  brought 
alongside  the  "Iphigenia,"  when  the  gun  was  mounted;  but  it 
was  with  great  difficulty  that  the  King  could  prevail  on  his  peo- 
ple to  keep  their  paddles  in  their  hands  while  he  discharged  the 
piece. 

At  six  in  the  morning,  the  wind  being  from  the  Southward 
and  Westward,  a  signal  was  made  for  the  King  to  come  on 
board,  when  they  got  under  way,  steering  for  the  bay  of  Toee- 
Hye    (Kawaihae). 

The  King  was  accompanied  by  his  Queen,  Tianna  (Kaiana) 
and  other  principal  chiefs,  while  those  of  an  inferior  rank  at- 
tended the  ship  in  a  fleet  of  30  canoes.  Tiroway-Bay  (Kailua), 
which  they  now  quitted,  is  superior  in  many  respects  to  that  of 
Karakakooa  (Kealakekua),  the  ground  being  extremely  good, 
with  not  a  spot  of  coral  rock  in  any  part  of  it ;  besides,  vessels 
may  lay  at  such  a  distance  from  the  shore,  that  if  the  wand 
blows,  they  can  clear  the  land  with  safety.  The  latitude  of  the 
ship  at  anchor  was  10°  4'  North.  At  half  past  five  in  the  after- 
noon, the  best  bower  anchor  was  dropped  in  10  fathoms  of  water. 


1789  26 

opposite  the  village  of  Toee-Hye  (Kavvaihae),  the  two  extreme 
points  of  this  large  bay  bearing  from  South  West  by  South,  to 
North  West  by  North,  distant  from  the  shore  3  miles. 

(Sunday,  March  7,  1789.)  In  the  evening,  the  King  and  his 
company  went  on  shore;  and  on  the  following  morning  sent  off 
a  present  of  30  hogs,  a  quantity  of  salt,  cocoa-nuts,  potatoes, 
and  taro.  As  the  trade  wind  was  now  blowing  fresh.  Captain 
Douglas  requested  that  he  might,  if  possible,  be  favored  with 
immediate  supplies,  as  he  was  in  haste  to  sail  for  America.  Tome- 
homy-haw  (Kamehameha),  therefore,  dispatched  messengers  up 
the  country,  with  orders  for  everyone  who  had  an  hog  to  bring 
it  immediately  to  the  village,  on  pain  of  death ;  and  at  ten  the 
next  morning,  he  himself  came  off  with  a  present  of  50  hogs, 
some  of  which  weighed  15  stone. — In  the  course  of  the  day 
other  necessary  articles  were  sent  on  board;  and  amongst  other 
things  were  12  geese.  It  may  be  a  matter  of  curiosity  to  men- 
tion that,  at  the  same  time,  a  boat  came  into  the  bay  with  a  cock 
and  hen  turkey.  These  animals  were  going  round  to  breed  at 
the  village  of  Wipeeo  (Waipio).  The  hen,  we  were  told,  had 
already  sat  twice,  in  different  parts  of  the  island,  and  reared 
her  broods  to  the  number  of  20;  so  that  in  a  few  years  there 
will  be  a  great  abundance  of  that  species  of  fowl  in  these  islands. 
In  the  evening  Captain  Douglas,  after  presenting  some  fire-arms 
and  ammunition  to  the  King  and  Tianna  (Kaiana),  took  his 
leave  of  them ;  and  at  midnight  they  got  under  way.  Their  lati- 
tude at  noon,  on  the  next  day  (Monday,  March  9,  1789)  was 
30°  21'  North.  They  now  proceeded  to  Woahoo  (Oahu), 
where  having  got  a  considerable  quantity  of  wood,  and  made 
some  addition  to  the  stock  of  taro  and  sugar-cane,  they  continued 
their  course  to  Atooi  (Kauai)  ;  and  in  the  evening  of  the  12th 
came  to  an  anchor  about  two  miles  to  the  Eastward  of  the  an- 
choring ground.  At  daylight  on  the  13th,  they  got  the  boats 
out,  and  towed  the  ship  into  her  former  berth.  Taheo  (Kaeo) 
and  the  other  principal  chiefs  were  gone  to  Punna  (Puna)  and 
Abinui  ( )  was  the  only  person  of  consequence  re- 
maining at  Wymoa  (Waimea),  who  sent  a  present  of  an  hog  on 
board,  but  did  not  think  proper  to  accompany  it. 

In  the  morning  the  long  boat  was  sent  on  shore  for  water, 
when  the  men  on  duty  got  to  quarrelling  with  so  much  violence, 
as  to  draw  their  knives  against  each  other;  and  when  Mr.  Viana 
attempted  to  part  them,  a  seaman,  of  the  name  Jones,  threatened 
to  knock  him  down.  As  such  a  disturbance,  if  not  checked  in 
time,  might  have  been  attended  with  consequences  that  would 
prove  fatal  to  the  voyage,  Captain  Douglas  ordered  Jones  to 
immediate  punishment;  to  which  with  the  most  horrid  execra- 


1789  27  . 

tions,  he  refused  to  submit,  and  run  for  the  fore-top,  in  expec- 
tation of  meeting  with  the  bkinderbusses  which  were  generally 
kept  there  primed  and  loaded,  in  case  of  an  attack  from  the 
natives,  but  was  prevented  from  gaining  his  object  by  Captain 
Douglas,  who  fired  a  pistol  over  his  head,  and  threatened  him 
with  a  second  discharge  if  he  proceeded  another  step.  But  as 
it  was  very  evident  that  several  of  the  ship's  crew  were  disposed 
to  support  him,  he  was  ordered  either  to  deliver  himself  up  to 
punishment,  or  instantly  leave  the  ship ;  when  he  chose  the  latter 
without  the  least  hesitation,  and  tranquality  was  immediately  re- 
stored. 

Having  completed  their  watering,  at  five  in  the  afternoon  they 
got  under  way  for  Oneeheow  (Niihau),  in  order  to  obtain  a 
supply  of  yams.  But  being  prevented  by  adverse  winds,  and  a 
current  running  strong  from  the  Northwest,  to  make  Yam  Bay, 
they  were  forced  to  avoid  being  driven  to  the  leeward,  to  bear 
up  for  the  other  bay ;  and  in  the  afternoon  of  the  following  day, 
they  dropped  anchor  in  13  fathoms  of  water;  the  bearings  of 
the  two  points  being  from  South  by  East,  to  North  by  East ;  the 
small  island  of  Tahoora  (Kaula)  bore  at  the  same  time,  South 
South  West  half  West,  distant  from  the  shore  one  mile  and  an 
half.  In  the  evening  Captain  Douglas  being  informed  of  a  de- 
sign agitated  by  several  of  the  seamen  to  go  off  with  the  jolly- 
boat,  gave  orders  to  the  officers  to  keep  a  strict  watch;  never-, 
theless,  during  the  night,  the  quarter-master  and  two  of  the  sail- 
ors had  got  on  shore  in  some  of  the  canoes  that  were  along- 
side. They  had  formed  a  plan  to  get  off  with  the  boat,  and  at 
the  same  time  to  set  fire  to  the  ship ;  but  being  prevented  in 
their  diabolical  enterprise,  they  had  taken  an  opportunity  to  es- 
cape to  the  island.  Two  of  them,  however,  by  the  active  zeal  of 
honest  Friday,  a  native  of  Oneeheow  (Niihau),  who  has  already 
been  mentioned  in  these  pages  with  the  esteem  he  so  well  de- 
serves, were  shortly  brought  back  to  the  ship ;  but  the  quarter- 
master, who  was  the  ring-leader  in  the  mischief,  could  not  be 
brought  off  on  account  of  the  surf,  and  was  therefore  left  be- 
hind ;  for  such  was  the  situation  of  both  vessels,  being  in  want 
of  many  necessary  articles, — the  "North  West  America"  having 
also  lost  her  anchor,  that  though,  according  to  his  instructions, 
Captain  Douglas  was  to  have  proceeded  to  the  Northward,  he 
was  made  under  the  necessity  of  disobeying  them,  and  proceed- 
ing immediately  to  the  Coast  of  America,  where  he  had  every 
reason  to  hope  he  should  meet  with  a  ship  from  China. 

The  "Iphigenia"  and  the  schooner  had  now  been  near  4 
months  among  these  islands ;  and  it  is  to  the  honour  of  Cap- 
tain Douglas,  that  he  conducted  himself  with  that  prudent  at- 


1789  28 

tention  to  circumstances  as  to  have  avoided  any  serious  dispute 
with  the  natives  of  any  of  them. 

Having  got  about  a  month's  store  of  yams,  the  2  vessels  set 
sail;  and"  having  lost  sight  of  the  island  of  Oneeheow  (Niihau) 
on  the  18th,  they  proceeded  in  company  to  the  North  West,  with 
tli*e  wind  from  the  North  North  East.  At  three  the  next  morn- 
ing, land  was  seen  ahead ;  and  at  four,  being  almost  close  up  with 
it,  they  hove  to  till  day-light. 

This  island  or  rock,  bears  the  form  of  a  saddle,  high  at  each 
end,  and  low  in  the  middle.  To  the  South  it  is  covered  with 
verdure;  but  on  the  North,  West  and  East  sides,  it  is  a  barren 
rock,  perpendicularly  steep,  and  did  not  appear  to  be  access- 
ible but  to  the  feathered  race,  with  which  it  abounds.  It  was 
therefore  named  fjird  Island.  It  lies  in  the  latitude  of  23°  07' 
North,  and  in  the  longitude  of  198°  10'  East,  by  a  medium  of 
several  observed  distances  of  the  sun  and  moon. 

SECOND  VISIT  OF  THE   "IPHIGENIA,"   CAPTAIN 
DOUGLAS 

Saturday^,  July  18,  1789.  The  'Tphigenia"  now  proceeded  on 
her  way  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  without  the  intervention  of 
any  occurrence  that  merits  a  particular  relation ;  when  it  appeared 
on  the  18th  of  July,  by  a  medium  of  several  observations,  that 
she  was  in  the  longitude  of  206°  20'.  And  at  sun-rise  of  the 
20th.  the  extremes  of  Owhyhee  (Hawaii)  bore  from  the  North 
East  by  North,  to  South  half  East,  two  leagues  off  shore. 

The  second  visit  of  Captain  Douglas  to  these  islands  had 
well  nigh  completed  the  misfortunes  of  his  voyage ; — as  a  .plan 
had  been  formed  by  the  chiefs  of  Owhyhee  (Hawaii)  to  cut  him 
off  with  his  crew,  and  then  to  rob  and  destroy  the  ship : — Indeed 
it  was  in  a  great  measure  owing  to  the  manly  and  prudent  con- 
duct of  Captain  Douglas  that  this  scheme,  which  was  regularly 
formed  and  adjusted,  proved  abortive.  This  design  was  to  have 
been  executed  on  board  the  "Iphigcnia";  and  the  treacherous 
chiefs  who  were  to  have  taken  the  lead  in  the  business,  had  al- 
ready introduced  themselves  into  the  ship.  One  of  them  had  got 
a  pi.stol,  others  had  daggers  in  their  hands;  and.  as  it  may  be 
supposed,  all  were  in  some  way  or  other  secretly  armed,  because, 
as  it  afterward  ajipearcd,  each  had  his  allotted  part  to  perform 
in  the  intended  massacre.  The  king's  elder  brother  (Kalaima- 
mahu  )  and  .Xropee  (  )  had  engaged  to  kill  Captain 

Douglas  ;  Parcconow  (  )  was  appointed  to  stab  Air. 

.Adamson.  the  principal  officer;  Tereametee  (Keliimaikai),  the 
younger  brnthcr  of  ilic  king,  was  to  perform  the  same  inhuman 


1789  29 

office  for  the  boatswain,  and  the  other  chiefs  had  each  his  mur- 
derous work  assigned  to  him ;  which  being  completed  a  signal 
was  to  have  been  given  for  the  natives,  who  lay  in  their 
canoes,  to  get  on  board,  and  to  throw  all  wdio  remained  alive 
into  the  sea.  The  vessel  was  then  to  have  been  pulled  in  pieces, 
and  carried  up  into  the  mountains,  in  order  to  prevent  any  sus- 
picions of  what  had  happened  from  alarming  such  strangers  as 
might  visit  the  island  at  any  future  period. 

Such  was  the  account  which  Tianna  (Kaiana)  gave  to  Cap- 
tain Douglas,  with  tears  and  lamentations,  of  the  intended  trag- 
edy ;  in  which  thought  he  could  not  prevent  the  design,  he  re- 
fused to  cooperate  and  had  employed  his  servant  to  give  notice 
of  it ;  but  the  man  had  been  so  closely  watched  by  some  or  other 
of  the  chiefs,  that  he  had  not  found  an  opportunity  to  make  the 
proposed  communication. 

When,  however,  Captain  Douglas  saw  the  chiefs  armed,  and 
found  that  the  Queen  had  been  secretly  conveyed  away  from 
the  ship,  he  began  to  suspect  mischief,  and  acted  accordingly. 
He  took  care  in  the  first  place,  not  to  betray  any  signs  of  ap- 
prehension of  alarm  ;  and  very  properly  conceiving  that  if  he 
should  call  his  people  up  to  prevent  the  apparent  danger,  it 
might  drive  the  insidious  people  to  some  act  of  despair  that 
might  produce  very  fatal  consequences  to  the  ship,  he  deter- 
mined to  try  a  more  tranquil  method,  and  under  various  pre- 
tenses, got  a  pistol  from  one  of  the  chiefs  and  a  dagger  from 
another,  and  being  armed  himself,  he  waited  with  impatience  for 
the  arrival  of  Tianna  (Kaiana),  who  was  on  shore,  to  deter- 
mine in  what  manner  he  should  finally  proceed.  In  a  very  short 
time  that  chief  came  on  board,  and  Captain  Douglas  taking  him 
alone  into  his  cabin,  and  bolting  the  door,  he  insisted  upon  being 
informed  concerning  the  intentions  of  the  King  and  his  people, 
when  Tianna  (Kaiana)  threw  himself  upon  the  floor,  in  an  agony 
of  distress,  and  unfolded  what  has  been  already  related,  laid  the 
whole  blame  on  the  King  and  recommended  that  he  should  be 
instantly  put  to  death.  Captain  Douglas  immediately  jumped  on 
deck,  with  a  loaded  pistol  in  each  hand,  which  had  such  an  effect 
on  the  chiefs,  who  were  assembled  there,  that  they  quitted  the 
ship  in  an  instant  and  drove  their  canoes  swiftly  to  the  shore. 

Such  an  hostile  and  treacherous  conduct  in  the  king  and  his 
attendants,  as  we  have  just  related,  might  be  supposed  to  have 
broken  off  all  intercourse  between  the  ship  and  the  natives  ;  but 
as  it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  procure  provisions  for  the  fu- 
ture part  of  the  voyage,  an  humiliating  apology  was  received 
from  Tome-homy-haw  (Kamehameha),  for  what  had  passed, 
who  laid  all  the  blame  on  his  chiefs ;  and  a  communication  was 


1789  30 

renewed  with  the  natives,  which  prochiced  great  plenty  of  hogs 
and  fruit,  as  well  as  grass-rope,  the  latter  article  being  provided 
on  account  of  the  miserable  state  of  the  cordage,  etc.,  on  board 
the  ship. 

(Monday,  July  27,  1789.)  On  the  27th,  Captain  Douglas, 
after  having  left' letters  for  myself  (Meares)  and  Captain  Fun- 
ter,  in  case  either  of  us  should  touch  at  Owhyhee  (Hawaii), 
quitted  the  island.  Tome-homy-haw  (Kamehameha),  to  the  last, 
intreated  forgiveness,  and  expressed  the  deepest  concern  for  the 
alarm  which  he  and  his  chiefs  had  occasioned;  and  Tianna  (Kai- 
ana)  with  all  the  sensibility  of  an  honest  and  ingenious  mind, 
continued  to  lament  it.  Indeed,  such  was  their  conduct  and  be- 
haviour when  the  moment  approached  for  the  "Iphigenia"  to  de- 
part, that  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  British  ships  will  here- 
after find  in  this  island,  all  the  comfort,  protection,  and  friend- 
ship, which  Tome-homy-haw  (Kamehameha)  and  Tianna  (Kai- 
ana)  may  have  in  their  power  to  procure  them. 

(Tuesday,  July  28,  1789.)  On  the  following  day  they  came  to 
an  anchor  ni  Witetee  (Waikiki)  Bay,  in  the  island  of  Woahoo 
(Oahu)  ;  but  every  article  of  trade  being  now  expended,  the  ar- 
mourers were  ordered  to  cut  up  the  rudder  chains,  in  order  to 
purchase  the  provisions  with  which  several  c'anoes  had  come 
laden  from  the  shore. 

Monday,  August  10,  1789.  After  touching  at  the  other  is- 
lands for  water,  yams,  etc.,  on  the  10th  of  August  they  quitted 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  made  sail  to  the  Westward. 


Ofte  cftbc   Sa?i<^^\/cfi  7/7,rjit:/s. 


Appendix 


TRADE  IN  THE  NORTH  PACIFIC. 


In  January,  1788,  Captain  Meares  and  several  British  mer- 
chants of  India  purchased  the  "Felice"  and  "Iphigenia,"  the 
former  of  230  tons  and  the  latter  of  200  tons,  for  a  trading 
voyage  to  the  North  West  Coast  of  America,  intending  to  winter 
in  Hawaii. 

The  crews  of  these  ships  consisted  of  Europeans  and  China- 
men (mostly  the  latter).  Captain  Douglas  commanded  the  "Iphi- 
genia" and  Captain  Meares  commanded  the  "Felice."  There  were 
a  crew  of  40  men  on  the  "Iphigenia"  and  50  on  the  "Felice." 
Besides  trading,  an  object  of  the  voyage  was  'to  take  back  those 
people  who  had  been  brought  from  America  and  the  Sandwich 
Islands." 

Captain  Meares  says :  "A  certain  number  of  cattle  and  other 
useful  animals  were  purchased,  for  the  purpose  of  being  put  on 
shore  at  those  places  where  they  might  add  to  the  comfort  of 
the  inhabitants  or  promise  to  supply  the  future  navigators  of  our 
own,  or  any  other  country,  with  the  necessary  refreshments. 

"In  fulfilling  his  pleasing  duty  to  these  children  of  nature, 
whom  a  curious  spirit  and  unsuspecting  character  had  led  to 
such  a  distance  from  their  native  country,  a  very  marked  atten- 
tion was  paid  to  Tianna  (Kaiana),  a  prince  of  the  island  of 
Atooi  (Kauai),  a  chief  of  illustrious  birth  and  rank,  who  in  the 
year  1787  was  carried  by  me  to  China  and  who  now  afforded  us 
the  pleasure  of  restoring  him  to  his  country  and  kindred,  with  a 
mind  enlarged  by  the  new  scenes  and  pictures  of  life  which  he 
had  beheld  and  in  possession  of  various  articles  of  useful  appli- 
cation, or  comparative  magnificence,  which  would  render  him  the 
richest  inhabitant  of  his  native  islands." 

" It  would  not  be  doing  justice  to  this  amiable  Indian  if  he 

were  not  represented  as  possessing  many  of  those  sentiments 
which  do  honour  to  the  most  cultivated  understanding. — Mr. 
Cox,  a  commercial  gentleman  of  China,  manifested  the  greatest 
interest  in  the  honour  and  happiness  of  Tianna's  (Kaiana's) 
future  life  by  the  generous  consignment  of  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  live  cattle  and  other  animals  to  the  island  of  Atooi  (Kauai) 
— and  also  appropriating  a  sum  of  money  to  be  expended  as  his 
own  untutored  choice  or  wayward  preference  should  direct." 


32 

His  European  friends,  however,  "directed  the  expenditure  of 
the  allotted  sum,  to  jjrocure  him  those  valuable  comforts  and 
advantages  which  might  last  during  his  life,  and  tend  to  im])ro\e 
his  nation." 

"When  he  was  assured  of  the  return  to  Atooi,  the  idea  that  he 
should  again  embrace  the  wife  whom  he  loved,  and  the  children 
whom  he  doted,  with  all  the  added  consequence  which  would 
accompany  him,  from  the  knowledge  he  had  acquired,  the  wealth 
he  possessed,  and  the  benefits  he  should  communicate  to  the 
place  of  his  natividity  produced  those  transports  which  sensible 
minds  may  conceive,  but  which  language  is  unable  to  describe." 

"When  he  first  beheld  the  chips  at  Wampoa  (near  Canton, 
China),  his  astonishment  baffles  description  and  he  emphatically 
called  them  the  islands  of  Brittannee  (Britain),  but  when  he  had 
surveyed  their  internal  arrangement,  with  all  the  various  appara- 
tus they  contained,  the  immediate  impressions  they  occasioned 
on  his  mind  were  those  of  dejection;  he  hung  his  head  in  silence, 
and  shed  an  involuntary  tear,  as  it  appeared,  over  what  he  con- 
ceived to  be  his  own  inferior  nature. — But  the  same  spirit  which 
urged  him  to  quit  his  native  country,  in  order  to  return  with 
knowledge  that  might  instruct,  and  the  arts  that  might  improve 
it,  soon  aroused  him  into  an  active  and  rational  curiosity. 

Indeed  he  very  shortly  manifested  no  common  degree  of  intel- 
lectual exertion,  by  discriminating,  as  occasion  offered,  between 
the  people  of  the  several  European  nations,  whom  he  daily  saw, 
and  those  of  England,  whom  he  always  called  the  men  of 
Britannee  (Britain). 

The  natives  of  China  he  considered  with  a  degree  of  disgust 
which  bordered  on  extreme  aversion; — their  l)al(l  heads,  dis- 
tended nostrils,  and  unmeaning  features,  had  raised  in  his  mind 
the  strongest  sensations  of  contempt ; —  Indeed  it  might  be 
owing  to  the  addition  which  the  natural  dignity  of  his  person 
may  be  suiJ])osed  to  receive  from  such  a  prevailing  sentiment, 
whenever  he  found  himself  amongst  them,  that  the  Chinese  ap- 
peared to  regard  him  with  awe,  and  that,  whenever  he  turned,  the 
timid  crowd  never  failed  to  open  him  a  ready  passage. 

Tianna  (Kaiana)  was  about  thirty-two  years  of  age;  he  was 
near  six  feet  five  inches  in  stature,  and  the  muscular  form  of  his 
limbs  was  of  an  Herculean  ajjpearance.  His  carriage  was  rei)lete 
with  dignity,  anrl  having  lived  in  the  habits  of  receiving  respect 
flue  to  superior  rank  in  his  own  country,  he  possessed  an  air  of 
rlistinction,  which  we  will  not  suppose  could  sufifer  any  diminution 
from  his  observation  of  Eurojiean  manners.  He  wore  the  dress 
of  Eurf)i)e  with  ihe  habitual  ease  of  its  inhabitants,  and  had  not 


33 

only  learned  the  use  and  arrangement  of  its  various  articles,  but 
applied  his  knowledge  to  the  uniform  and  most  minute  practice 
of  personal  cleanliness  and  decorum.  The  natural  habits  of  his 
mind,  however,  ocasionally  recurred,  and  the  childish  fancy  of  his 
native  state  would  sometimes  intrude  upon  and  interrupt  the  prog- 
ress of  his  improvement.  He  could  not  be  taught  to  understand 
the  value  of  our  current  coin,  and  when  he  wanted  anything  that 
was  to  be  purchased  by  it,  he  would  innocently  ask  for  iron; 
which  being  the  most  valuable  metal  in  his  eyes,  was  naturally 
considered  by  him  as  the  medium  of  barter  among  the  nations. 

To  return  Tianna  (Kaiana)  to  his  native  island,  operated  very 
powerfully  in  forming  the  arrangements  of  the  voyage  before 
us ; — his  original  design  and  inclniation  was  to  proceed  to  Eng- 
land; and  Captain  Churchill,  of  the  "Walpole,"  East  Indiaman, 
offered,  in  the  kindest  manner,  to  take  him  under  his  protection, 
now  could  he  have  found  a  better  protector;  but  to  consign  him 
to  another's  care  and  to  send  him  to  a  country  from  whence  there 
might  be  no  future  opportunity  of  returning  to  his  own  was  a 
business  that  his  friends  could  not  reconcile  to  their  feelings. 
The  permitting  him  to  leave  Atooi  (Kauai)  was  considered  an 
unreflecting  act;  and  it  was  now  determined  that  Tianna  (Kai- 
ana) should  return  thither,  if  not,  in  reality,  happier  than  before, 
at  least  possessed  of  treasures  beyond  any  possible  expectation  of 
his  unexperienced  mind.  But  of  all  the  various  articles  which 
formed  his  present  wealth,  his  fancy  was  most  delighted  with  a 
portrait  of  himself,  painted  by  Spoilum.  the  celebrated  artist  of 
China,  and  perhaps  the  only  one  in  his  line,  throughout  that  ex- 
tensive empire.  The  painter  had  indeed,  most  faithfully  rep- 
resented the  lineaments  of  his  countenance  but  found  the  graceful 
figure  of  the  chief  beyond  the  power  of  his  genius.  The  surprise 
that  Tianna  (Kaiana)  expressed,  as  the  work  proceeded,  was 
various  and  extreme,  and  seemed  to  follow  with  continual  change 
every  added  stroke  of  the  pencil.  When  this  painting  was  pre- 
sented to  him,  he  received  it  with  a  degree  of  solemnity  that 
struck  all  who  beheld  it;  and  then,  in  a  state  of  agitation  in 
which  he  had  never  been  seen  by  us,  he  mentioned  the  catastrophy 
which  deprived  the  world  of  Captain  Cook.  He  now.  for  the 
first  time,  informed  us  that  a  fierce  war  had  been  waged  through- 
out the  islands,  on  account  of  a  painting,  which  he  called  a  por- 
trait of  that  great  man.  and  which  had  been  left  with  one  of  the 
most  potent  chiefs.  This  picture,  he  added,  was  held  sacred 
amongst  them,  and  the  respect  they  paid  to  it  was  considered  by 
them  as  the  only  retribution  they  could  make  for  their  unfortu- 
nate destruction  of  its  original. 


34 

It  may  not,  be  though  improper,  if  a  short  digression  is  made 
in  this  place,  in  order  to  state,  that  during  our  former  stay 
among  these  islanders,  we  had  every  opportunity  of  estimating 
their  feelings  with  respect  to  the  lamented  fate  of  Captain  Cook, 
and  we  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  these  distant  inhabitants 
of  the  water  waste,  accompanied  with  fierce  sorrow  the  regret  of 
Europe. —  The  numbers  of  them  which  surrounded  the  ship, 
with  a  view  to  obtain  permission  to  go  to  Brittannee  (Britain), 
to  the  friends  of  their  beloved  Cook,  are  incredible.  They  wept 
and  solicited  with  an  ardour  that  conquered  every  previous 
aversion. 

Presents  were  poured  upon  vis  from  the  chiefs,  who  were  pre- 
vented by  the  multitude  from  approaching  the  vessel,  and  the 
clamorous  cry  of  'Britannee,  Britannee',  (Britain.  Britain),  was 
for  a  long  time  vociferated  from  every  part,  and  without  ceasing; 
nor  can  their  silent  grief  be  described,  when  it  was  made  know 
among  them,  that  Tianna  (Kaiana),  a  prince  of  Atooi  (Kauai), 
was  the  only  one  selected  to  the  envied  honour  of  sailing  with  us. 
Previous  to  our  departure,  Taheo  (Kaeo),  the  king  of  that 
island,  paid  us  a  visit,  accompanied  by  all  his  chiefs.  As  they 
believed  that  the  commanders  of  every  European  ship  who  had 
touched  at  their  islands  since  the  death  of  (Zaptain  Cook,  were 
the  sons  of  that  illustrious  navigator,  they,  in  the  most  affecting 
manner,  deplored  that  event ;  and  while  each  of  them  was  solici- 
tous to  assert  his  innocence,  they  united  in  representing  the  pas- 
sions that  had  urged  them  to  commit  the  fatal  deed — which 
would  be  a  subject  of  their  eternal  contrition — as  a  punishment 
inflicted  upon  them  by  their  gods.  After  these,  and  many  similar 
declarations,  they  renewed  their  offers  of  friendship  to  Britannee 
(Britain),  and  departed;  nor  have  we  the  least  doubt  but  that 
future  navigators,  who  mav  chance  to  stop  at  these  islands,  will 
find  there  a  secure  and  welcome  asylum. 

The  other  natives  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  America,  who 
were  received  on  board,  had  been  brought  to  China,  by  dift'erent 
ships,  rather  as  objects  of  curiosity  than  for  the  better  motive  of 
instruction  to  them,  or  advantage  to  commerce ; — they  consisted 
of  a  woman  of  the  island  of  Owhyhee  (Hawaii),  named  Winee 

( ).  who  was  in  a  bad  and  declining  state  of  health ; 

a  stout  man  and  boy  from  the  island  of  Mowee  (Maui),  and  a 

native  of  King  George's  Sound. 

On  board  of  each  ship  were  em1)arked  six  cows  and  three  bulls. 

four  bull  and  cow  calves,  a  number  of  goats,  turkeys,  and  rabbits, 

with  several  pair  of  pigeons,  and  other  stock  in  great  abundance. 

Unfortunately  it  was  not  in  our  power,  at  this  time,  to  procure 


35 

sheep ;  but  several  lime  and  orange  trees  were  purchased  and 
destined  for  Atooi  (Kauai),  as  Taheo  (Kaeo)  the  sovereign  of 
that  island,  possessed  all  the  power  necessary  to  protect  such 
valuable  property.  Had  we  been  so  fortunate  as  to  have  landed 
all  the  cargo  prepared  for  the  Sandwich  Islands,  they  would 
have  become  the  most  eligable  places  for  refreshment  in  the 
whole  extent  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Ocean.  If,  however,  the 
American  commerce  should  be  pursued,  very  confortable  advan- 
tages will  be  found  to  result  even  from  that  part  of  our  design 
which  was  completed." 

On  the  evening  of  January  22,  1788.  the  ships  set  sail  from 
China  sailing  South  East  along  the  Western  shores  of  the  Philip- 
pines as  far  as  New  Guinea  and  then  proceeding  North  along 
Japan  to  Alaska  and  the  North  West  Coast  of  America.  The 
"Iphigenia"  finally  arriving  off  Maui  about  December  6,  1788. 
The  "Felice"  arrived  off  Hawaii  about  October  16th,  1788,  a 
month  and  a  half  ahead  of  the  "Iphigenia."  Both  ships  expe- 
rienced very  heavy  weather  and  met  with  misfortunes.  Scurvey 
made  its  appearance  before  the  "Iphigenia"  arrived  at  Alaska, 
and  before  the  "Felice"  arrived  at  the  North  West  Coast  of 
America.  Many  of  the  live  stock  were  killed  by  accident  or  for 
food. 

Our  friends  from  Owhyhee  (Hawaii)  had  suft'ered  severely 
during  the  passage  across  the  China  Seas.  Tianna  (Kaiana),  in 
his  constant  attendance  upon  Winee,  had  caught  a  fever 
which  with  the  humane  anxiety  he  felt  on  her  account,  con- 
fined him  for  some  time  to  his  bed. — But  the  poor  unfortu- 
nate women  justified  our  fears  concerning  her,  that  she  would 
never  again  see  her  friends  or  her  native  land.  She  every 
day  declined  in  strength,  and  nothing  remained  for  us,  but  to 
ease  the  pains  of  her  coming  dissolution,  which  no  human  power 
could  prevent.  Nor  did  we  fail,  I  believe,  in  any  attention  that 
humanity  could  suggest,  or  that  it  was  in  our  power  to  bestow. 
She  had  been  for  some  a  living  spectre,  and  on  the  morning  of 
the  fifth  of  February  she  expired.  At  noon  her  body  was  com- 
mitted to  the  deep ;  nor  was  it  though  an  unbecoming  act  to 
grace  her  remains  with  the  formalities  of  that  religion  which 
opens  wide  its  arms  to  the  whole  human  race,  of  every  color, 
and  under  every  clime,  to  the  savage  as  well  as  to  saint  and  the 
sage.  Tianna  (Kaiana)  was  so  much  affected  by  the  circum- 
stance of  her  death,  that  we  were  for  some  time  under  very  pain- 
ful apprehensions  lest  his  health  might  suffer  from  the  feelings 
of  his  humanity  on  this  occasion ;  as  he  possessed  in  a  very  great 
degree,  that  delicacy  of  constitution  which  discriminates  the  chiefs 


36 

from  the  vulgar  people,  and  is  perculiar  to  the  great  men  of  his 
country. 

Thus  died  Winee,  a  native  of  Ovvhyhee  (Hawaii),  one  of 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  who  possessed  virtues  that  are  sel- 
dom to  be  found  in  the  class  of  her  countrywomen  to  which  she 
belonged,  and  a  portion  of  understanding  that  was  not  be  ex- 
pected in  a  rude  and  uncultivated  mind.  It  may  not,  perhaps, 
be  uninteresting  to  mention  the  cause  of  this  poor  girl's  departure 
from  her  friends  and  country,  which  it  was  her  fate  never  to 
behold  again. 

Captain  Barclay,  who  commanded  the  Imperial  Eagle,  was  one 
of  those  adventurers  to  the  coast  of  America  who  made  a  very 
successful  voyage.  Mrs.  Barclay  accompanied  her  husband,  and 
shared  with  him  in  the  toils,  the  hardships,  and  vicissitudes  inci- 
dent to  such  long,  as  well  as  perilous  voyages ;  but  by  no  means 
calculated  for  the  frame,  the  temper,  or  the  education  of  the 
softer  sex.  This  lady  was  so  pleased  with  the  amiable  manners 
of  poor  \\'inee.  that  she  felt  a  desire  to  take  her  to  Eu- 
rope ;  and  for  that  purpose  took  her,  with  the  consent  of  her 
friends,  under  her  own  particular  care  and  protection.  On  Mrs. 
Barclay's  departure  from  China  for  Europe.  Winee  was  left,  as 
we  have  already  mentioned,  in  a  deep  decline,  to  embarke  for 
her  country,  with  the  rest  of  the  natives  from  the  Sandwich 
Islands. 

On  the  morning  of  her  death,  she  presented  Tianna  (Kaiana). 
as  a  token  of  her  gratitude  for  his  kind  attentions  to  her.  with  a 
plate  looking-glass,  and  a  basin  and  bottle  of  the  finest  China ; 
to  these  gifts  she  also  added  a  gown,  an  hoop,  a  petticoat,  and  a 
cap  for  his  wife ;  the  rest  of  her  property  consisting  of  a  great 
variety  of  articles,  she  bequeathed  to  her  family ;  and  they  were 
deposited  with  Tianna  (Kaiana).  to  be  delivered  to  her  father 
and  mother. 

Nor  let  fastidious  pride  cast  a  smile  of  contempt  on  the  trifles 
that  composed  her  little  treasure.  They  were  wealth  to  her.  and 
would  have  given  her  a  very  flattering  importance,  had  she  lived 
to  have  taken  them  to  her  native  island. 

But  when  we  consider  the  sufferings  of  her  mind,  on  the  re- 
flection that  she  should  never  behold  her  country  again  ; — when 
we  see,  as  it  were,  the  disappointment  of  an  inoffensive  pride 
preying  on  her  spirits ; —  When  to  these  causes  of  dejection  and 
added  the  pains  of  incurable  disease,  increased  by  the  tossing  of 
the  billows,  and  the  violence  of  tempestuous  seas, — humanity 
must   feel   for  those  miseries  which  liaunt  every  corner  of  the 


Z7 

earth, — and  yield  a  compassionate  tear  to  the  unfortunate  Winee 

( )•. 

Tianna  (Kaiana),  and  Comekala,  the  man  from  King  George's 

Sound,  were  since  the  death  of  Winee   ( ),  the  only 

persons  of  their  respective  countries  on  board  the  "Felice";  the 
rest  of  them  were  on  board  the  "Iphigenia,"  to  which  we  now 
consigned  the  amiable  chief  of  Atooi  (Kauai),  as  her  course  com- 
prehended his  native  islands;  (this  was  at  the  Phillippines  on 
Feb.  10,  1788)  Comekala  remained  with  us  as  the  destination  of 
our  voyage  was  to  his  own  country. 

Tianna   (Kaiana)   had  been  so  sensibly  affected  by  the  death 

of  Winee  ( ),  as  to  produce  a  considerable  alteration 

in  the  state  of  his  health ; —  his  fever  continued,  and  baffled  all 
our  attentions  to  relieve  him.  The  same  fate  that  had  separated 
for  ever  his  unfortunate  countrywoman  from  her  friends  and 
native  land,  pressed  home  upon  his  reflection. —  He  may  be  sup- 
posed to  have  felt,  and  sometime,  perhaps,  expected  that  he  might 
hear  no  more  the  tender  names  of  father  or  of  husband ;—  that 

he  might  share  with  Winee  (..... )  a  premature  grave  in 

the  bosom  of  the  ocean. —  He  was  therefore  consigned  to  the 
care  of  Captain  Douglas,  with  the  hopes  that  the  remaining  on 
shore  till  his  departure,  with  the  novelty  of  the  scenes  around 
him,  might  abate  his  disorder,  and  recrute  his  spirits  with  a  suf- 
ficient degree  of  strength  to  bear  out  the  remainder  of  the 
voyage. 

Mention  is  made  here  of  the  ships  "Experiment"  and  "Captain 
Cook,"  which  made  a  trading  voyage  to  the  Northwest  Coast  of 
America  in  the  year  1786,  but  does  not  state  whether  they  visited 
Hawaii. 

March  3,  1788,  the  "Felice"  entered  a  storm  which  destroyed 
plants  and  animals  which  were  to  have  been  landed  at  Hawaii. 
There  however  yet  remained  alive  one  bull  and  a  cow,  and  one 
cow  calf ;  but  the  goats  were  all  killed  in  one  day  by  a  sudden 
roll  of  the  ship.  "Of  the  plants^,  we  still  possessed  a  lime  and  an 
orange-tree  in  full  vigour,  with  six  cinnamon,  and  several  smaller 
plants  of  various  kinds." 

Mention  of  other  voyages  to  the  North  West  Coast  of  America 
are  reprinted  herein,  as  many  of  the  vessels  touched  at  Hawaii. 

"On  our  arrival  with  the  "Felice"  in  China,  in  the  autumn  of 
1788,  the  agent  of  the  merchants  in  England,  and  the  agent  of 
the  merchants  in  India,  formed  a  union  of  interests,  and  asso- 
ciated themselves  under  a  joint  stock  company,  to  carry  on  the 
furt  trade  of  America.  They  accordingly  equipped  a  ship  called 
the  'Argonaut,'  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Colnett,  a  lieutenant  in 


38 

His  Majesty's  navy,  and  who  had  commanded  in  the  years  1787 
and  1788,  the  ship  "Prince  of  Wales"  of  London,  belonging  to 
the  merchants  trading  to  America.  This  ship  had  performed 
her  voyage  to  the  coast,  and  returned  to  China  with  a  valuable 

cargo  of  furs  in   1788. Mr.   Colnett  quitted  the  "Prince  of 

Wales"  in  China,  to  command  the  "Argonaut"  and  take  charge 
of  the  associated  merchants  property  on  the  coast  of  America, — 
he  accordingly  prepared  the  "Argonaut"  for  sea.  and  the  "Prin- 
cess Royal"  of  London,  a  vessel  belonging  to  the  same  commer- 
cial society. 

The  "Princess  Royal"  therefore  sailed  in  February,  1789,  and 
did  not  reach  the  coast  of  America  in  less  than  sixteen  weeks, — 
whereas  the  "Argonaut,"  a  prime  sailer,  left  China  the  26th  of 
April.  1789,  and  arrived  in  King  George's  Sound  the  3rd  of  July 
(1789). 

The  "Imperial  Eagle"  was  a  ship  employed  to  collect  furs  on 
the  Coast  of  America,  in  the  year  1787. 

The  ships  "Captain  Cook"  and  "Experiment"  had  been  equip- 
ped under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Scot — from  Bombay  to  America 
for  the  purpose  of  collecting  furs —  They  arrived  on  the  coast 
in  the  year  1786,  and  left  Mr.  Maccay,  the  surgeon's  mate  on 
board  one  of  them,  with  his  own  entire  consent  and  approbation, 
under  the  protection  of  Maquilla.  Mr.  Strange,  who  had  the 
superintendence  of  these  ships  entertained  an  opinion  that  very 
great  commercial  effects  might  proceed  from  leaving  Mr.  Maccay 
with  the  natives  of  King  George's  Sound,  to  learn  their  language, 
customs  and  manners.  He  was  therefore,  accordingly  left  in 
the  year  1786.  and  continued  with  them  until  1787,  when  he  em- 
barked for  China  on  board  the  "Lnperial  Eagle."  Mr.  Maccay 
left  a  journal  of  his  experiences. 

In  August.  1786,  they  met  the  "Princess  Royal"  near  Port  Cox, 
(King  George's  Sound)  under  command  of  Captain  Duncan. 
The  "Princess  Royal"  was  of  fifty  tons  burden  manned  by  15 
men,  she  had  come  around  Cape  Horn  and  navigated  the  North 
and  South  Pacific  oceans.  She  had  been  twenty  months  from 
England  and  reported  meeting  the  "Queen  Charlotte,"  Cajjtain 
Dixon,  bound  for  China.  The  "Felice"  and  "Princess  Royal" 
separajted  on  Aug.  9,  1788,  the  latter  "proceeding  to  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  to  take  in  refreshments,  in  order  to  return  to  China 
with  her  valuable  cargo  of  furs."  The  "Felice"  going  South 
along  the  American  Coast. 

On  Aug.  27,  1788.  in  Friendly  Cove  the  "Iphigenia"  met  the 
"Felice"  Tianna  (Kaiana)  was  overjoyed  to  see  his  old  friends. 
"Nor  were  we  insensible  to  the  pleasure  of  seeing  him  restored  to 


39 

us,  so  entirely  recovered  from  a  disorder  which  had  filled  us  with 
apprehension  that  we  should  never  see  him  again.  Indeed,  from 
the  general  change  in  his  looks,  and  still  wearmg  his  fur  cap  and 
other  warm  clothing,  with  which  he  had  clad  himself,  during  the 
cold  season,  while  the  "Iphigenia"  was  in  Prince  William's  Sound 
and  Cook's  River, —  we  did  not  immediately  recognize  the  chief ; 
but  the  violence  of  his  joy  soon  discovered  him  to  us;  and  though 
it  might  be  more  expressive  it  was  not  more  sincere  than  our 
own.  Indeed,  such  had  ever  been  the  conciliating  power  of  his 
manners,  that  there  was  not  a  seaman  in  either  ship,  that  did  not 
love  Tianna  (Kaiana)  as  himself. 

We  had  supposed  that  his  satisfaction  on  seeing  us  once  again 
was  complete ;  but  we  found  it  still  capable  of  increase ;  for  when 
he  was  informed  that  we  proposed,  in  a  very  short  time,  to  pro- 
ceed to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  his  expressions  of  delight  knew 
no  bounds ; —  they  were  wild,  fantastic  and  excessive ;  and  it  was 
sometime  before  they  sunk  into  that  state  of  moderation  which 
qualified  him  to  receive  any  fresh  impressions  of  pleasure.  The 
new  vessel  ("The  North  VVest  America")  was  reserved  for  that 
purpose;  and  when  it  was  pointed  out  and  he  was  made  ac- 
quainted with  its  object,  he  regarded  it  with  such  a  firm  and 
fixed  attention,  as  if  his  eyes  would  have  darted  from  their 
sockets  to  the  vessel;  and  till  she  was  launched,  he  continued 
the  constant  companion  of  the  carpenters  examining  their  opera- 
tions and  observing  their  progress.  We  encouraged  this  disposi- 
tion ;  and  it  is  scarcely  to  be  credited  how  much  of  a  carpenter's 
profession  he  learned  during  the  short  time  we  remained  at  King 
George's  Sound."  Some  of  the  natives  returned  from  a  war  trip 
carrying  baskets  containing  30  heads. 

The  Sandwich  Island  chief  did  not,  as  we  first  expected,  dis- 
cover any  surprise  at  the  sight  of  Maquilla  and  his  army;  but 
the  frequent  communication  of  the  "Iphigenia"  with  the  natives 
along  the  coast,  from  Cook's  River  to  King  George's  Sound,  had 
rendered  them  and  their  manners  no  longer  an  object  of  novelty, 
as  they  had  never  been  an  object  of  consideration  in  the  eyes  of 
Tianna  (Kaiana).  Indeed,  when  he,  with  his  colossal  figure, 
stood  by  Maquilla,  who  was  rather  of  a  low  stature,  the  dif- 
ference was  such,  as  not  only  to  strike  every  beholder,  but  even 
to  aflfect  themselves  with  the  different  sentastions  of  an  exulting 
or  a  wounded  pride,  which  would  prevent  any  very  cordial  afifec- 
tion  from  taking  place  between  them.  Tianna  and  Comekela 
were  old  acquaintances,  but  by  ho  means  intimate  friends,  as  the 
former  held  the  latter  in  a  very  low  degree  of  estimation ;  and. 
accordingly,  we  did  not  observe  any  very  cordial  appearance  of 


40 

joy  at  their  present  meeting.  As  Comekela  had  been  at  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  on  his  first  leaving  America,  the  ship  having  stopped 
there  for  refreshments,  he  was  qualified  to  give  Maquilla  an  ac- 
count not  only  of  Tianna  (Kaiana),  but  the  country  from  whence 
he  came,  and  he  did  it  probably  to  the  disadvantage  of  both.  At 
all  events,  Tianna  (Kaiana)  held  the  customs  of  Nootka  in  de- 
testation ;  and  could  not  bear  the  idea  of  their  cannible  appetites, 
without  expressing  the  most  violent  sensations  of  disgust  and 
abhorrance.  Indeed  there  was  no  comparison  to  be  made  be- 
tween the  inhabitants  and  customs  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  and 
those  among  whom  we  now  resided,  or  of  any  part  of  the  con- 
tinent of  America, —  The  former  are  their  superiors  in  every- 
thing that  regards  what  we  should  call  the  comforts  of  life,  and 
their  approach  to  civilization.  They  attend  to  a  circumstance 
which  particularly  distinguishes  polished  from  savage  life,  and 
that  is  cleanliness; —  They  are  not  only  clean  to  an  extreme  in 
their  food,  but  also  in  their  persons  and  houses  the  same  happy 
disposition  prevails ; —  while  the  North  Western  Americans  are 
nasty  to  a  degree  that  rivals  the  most  filthy  brutes,  and  of  course, 
prohibits  any  description  from  us.  Besides,  their  being  canni- 
bles,  if  no  other  circumstance  of  inferiority  could  be  produced, 
throws  them  to  a  vast  distance  from  the  rank  which  is  held  in  the 
scale  of  human  being  by  the  countrymen  of  Tianna  (Kaiana)  ; 
nor  should  we  pass  over  in  this  place  the  frequent  and  solemn 
declarations  of  this  chief,  that  the  natives  of  the  Sandwich 
Islands  possess  the  most  abhorrent  sentiments  of  cannible  nature; 
and  though  they  may  immolate  human  beings  on  their  altars  of 
their  diety,  they  have  not  the  least  idea  of  making  such  a  sacri- 
fice to  their  own  appetites.  Indeed,  we  trust,  it  will  not  prove  a 
vain  hope,  that  these  amiable  people  may  soon  be  taught  to  aban- 
don even  their  religious  inhumanity  and  that  near  half  a  million 
human  beings,  inhabiting  the  Sandwich  Islands,  may  one  day  be 
ranked  among  the  civilized  subjects  of  the  British  empire. 

Sept.  17,  1788,  the  sloop  "Washington"  from  Boston,  arrived 
at  King  George's  Sound.     She  was  of  about  100  tons  burden. 

"Mr.  Grey,  the  master,  informed  us,  that  he  had  sailed  in  com- 
pany with  his  consort,  the  "Columbia,"  a  ship  of  300  tons,  in  the 
month  of  August,  1787,  being  equipped  under  the  patronage  of 
Congress,  to  examine  the  coast  of  America,  and  to  open  a  fur- 
trade  between  New  England  and  this  part  of  the  American  Con- 
tinent, in  order  to  provide  funds  for  their  China  Ships,  to  enable 
them  to  return  home  teas  and  China  goods.  These  vessels  were 
separated  in  a  heavy  gale  of  wind,  in  the  latitude  of  59°  South, 
and  liad  not  seen  each  other  since; —  but  as  King  George's  Sound 


41 

was  the  rendezvous  appointed  by  them,  the  "Columbia,"  if  she 
was  safe,  was  every  day  expected  to  join  her  consort. 

On  September  20,  1788,  the  "North  West  America,"  the  first 
ship  to  be  build  in  this  part  of  the  world,  the  work  being  done 
by  Chinese  carpenters,  was  launched.  "Tianna  (Kaiana)  who 
was  on  board  the  vessel  at  the  time  of  her  being  launched,  not 
only  saw  but  may  be  said  to  have  felt  the  operation,  as  if  it  had 
been  the  work  of  enchantment ;  and  could  only  express  his  aston- 
ishment by  capering  about,  clapping  his  hands,  and  exclaiming 
"Myty,  Myty  (Maikai,  maikai)  a  word  the  most  expressive  in 
the  language  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  to  convey  wonder,  appro- 
bation, and  delight.    .    " 

On  September  24,  1788,  "the  'Felice'  being  ready  for  sea,  the 
orders  marked  No.  V  in  the  appendix  were  given  to  Captain 
Douglas,  to  direct  his  future  proceedings; —  The  'North  West 
America'  was  added  to  his  command,  and  Tianna  (Kaiana)  once 
more  embarked  on  board  the  "Iphigenia,"  as  she  was  destined 
to  carry  him  to  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

This  arrangement  was  preferred  after  some  deliberation ;  for 
I  myself  felt  a  strong  inclination  to  restore  the  amiable  chief  to 
his  country ;  but  as  I  could  not  remain  more  than  a  few  days  at 
the  Sandwich  Islands  and  as  the  "Iphigenia"  was  destined  to 
winter  there,  it  was  thought  a  more  expedient  measure  to  send 
him  home  in  her ;  as  it  would,  in  a  particular  manner  attach  him 
to  her  people,  and,  of  course,  promote  their  comfort  and  security 
during  the  time,  which  would  probably  occupy  several  months, 
of  their  stay  there.  These  reasons  were  sufficient  for  us,  on  ac- 
count of  the  general  interest  of  the  expedition,  to  return  Tianna 
(Kaiana)  to  the  "Iphigenia;"  but  there  were  also  other  reasons 
for  pursuing  this  measure,  for  his  own  sake. 

We  had  been  informed  by  one  of  the  vessels  which  returned  to 
China  from  the  Sandwich  Islands,  subsequent  to  us,  that  Tianna's 
(Kaiana's)  brother,  Taheo  (Kaeo),  sovereign  of  Atooi  (Kauai), 
was  become  so  fearful  of  the  power  he  might  acquire  from  us, 
as  to  meditate  his  destruction ;  and  that,  in  all  probability,  some 
secret  attempt  would  be  made  on  his  arrival  to  cut  him  ofif.  It, 
was  necessary  therefore,  for  the  preservation  of  Tianna  (Kai- 
ana), that  he  should  be  taken  back  in  that  vessel,  which,  by  her 
long  stay  there,  might  ensure  his  safety,  till  the  jealous  fit  of 
his  tyrant  brother  was  passed  away,  and  a  perfect  reconciliation 
had  taken  place  between  them. 

"In  the  evening  the  officers,  etc.,  of  the  "Iphigenia"  and  the 
"North  West  America"  came  on  board  the  "Felice"  to  bid  us 
farewell.     Tianna    (Kaiana)    was  not  the  last  to  show  us  that 


42 

mark  of  his  regard; —  and  indeed  to  do  justice  to  his  amiably 
disposition  and  friendly  nature,  whenever  kindness  could  be 
shown,  or  generosity  expressed,  he  was  among  the  first.  Nor 
could  he  say  adieu  to  "Noota,"  the  name  universally  given  me 
both  in  America  and  the  Sandwich  Islands,  without  a  frame 
almost  convulsed  with  agitation,  and  tears  gushing  down  his 
cheeks. —  Nor  could  I,  though  proceeding  to  complete  my  voy- 
age with  the  fairest  hopes  of  success,  take  my  leave  of  that  worthy 
man.  and  the  companions  of  our  toilsome  enterprise,  without  emo- 
tions that  required  all  my  resolution  to  suppress. 

We  now  hove  anchor  and  the  crews  of  the  "Iphigenia"  and 
"North  West  America"  gave  us  three  cheers  at  our  departure. 

In  July,  1788,  there  had  been  a  mutiny  on  the  "Felice"  and 
the  boatswain  and  7  others  had  been  put  ashore,  being  given  their 
choice  of  landing  or  of  being  put  in  irons  for  the  rest  of  the 
voyage.  The  boatswain  joined  the  "Washington"  the  day  after 
the  "Felice"  left  the  Sound,  where  he  did  duty  before  the  mast. 

"Previous,  however,  to  every  other  expedition,  a  vessel  was 
equipped  in  China  in  the  year  1785,  by  a  gentle  man  of  first 
mercantile  abilities  and  reputation ;  the  command  of  her  was  en- 
trusted to  Captain  James  Hanna.  who  set  sail  in  her  to  seek  the 
distant  continent  of  America,  to  explore  its  coasts,  and  to  open 
such  an  intercourse  with  its  inhabitants  as  might  tend  to  a  future 
commercial  establishment  with  them.  The  size  of  the  vessel. 
which  was  under  70  tons,  her  equipment,  which  scarcely  amounted 
to  30  persons,  and  every  circumstance  belonging  to  her.  served 
to  impress  the  minds  of  all  concerned  in  the  business  with  an 
high  idea  of  the  spirit  of  the  man  who  had  undertaken  to  con- 
duct his  little  band  of  Argonauts  in  an  almost  untried  course,  and 
where  dangers  were  not  to  be  avoided,  or  prepared  for  by  the 
communicated  experience  of  ])receding  adventurers. 

Captain  Manna,  on  leaving  China,  proceeded  past  Jajian  to 
King  George's  Sound  and  then  down  the  North  West  Coast. 
He  left  a  journal  which  was  "Very  curious" 

His  2nd  voyage  to  the  North  West  Coast  was  made  in  the 
year  1786  and  was  purely  of  a  commercial  nature.  He  was  pre- 
paring for  a  3rd  voyage  when  he  died. 

It  was  in  1786  that  different  bands  of  trading  adventurers 
started  up.  as  it  were,  both  in  India  and  England,  to  prosecute 
this  commerce.  hVom  India,  the  equipments  took  place  at  Bengal 
and  Bombay,  under  the  patronage  of  the  respective  governments 


43 

of  those  places.  From  the  former  sailed  the  "Nootka"  and  the 
"Sea  Otter,"  from  the  latter,  the  "Captain  Cook"  and  the  "Ex- 
periment." At  the  same  period  another  equipment  took  place, 
for  the  same  purpose,  in  China,  and  the  "Sea  Otter"  sailed  from 
thence,  and  was  joined  by  the  "Lark,"  which  was  fitted  out  with 
that  intention  for  the  coast  of  America. 

About  the  same  time  certain  merchants  in  England,  and  in 
particular,  Messrs.  Etches  of  London,  engaged  in  a  similar  ad- 
venture. Having  obtained  license  from  the  South  Sea  Company 
to  carry  on  this  trade  exclusively,  with  regard  to  England,  for  the 
term  of  5  years  and  having  been  favored  with  a  permission  from 
the  East  India  Company  to  lade  teas  home  from  China,  these 
gentlemen  equipped  the  ships  "King  George"  and  "Queen  Char- 
lotte" in  a  very  superior  manner,  and  gave  the  command  of  them 
to  Lieutenant  Portlock  of  the  royal  navy  and  who  had  already 
been  frequently  employed  by  them  as  a  master  of  a  trading  vessel 
in  their  service.  These  ships  left  England  in  the  month  of  Sep- 
tember, 1785,  near  7  months  before  any  of  the  equipments  set 
sail  from  the  different  parts  of  India. 

The  "Captain  Cook"  and  the  "Experiment,"  commanded  by  the 
Captains  Lowrie  and  Guise,  and  under  the  superintendance  of 
Mr.  Strange,  one  of  the  Company's  servants  sailed  at  the  close 
of  the  year  1785  or  early  in  the  year  1786.  They  were  equipped 
in  the  best  possible  manner  by  the  public  spirit  of  David  Scott, 
Esq.,  of  Bombay  who  was  the  principal  owner  of  them,  etc 
They  proceeded  to  Nootka  and  explored  the  North  West  Coast. 
The  "King  George"  and  "Queen  Charlotte"  were  appointed  with 
numerous  crews  and  officers  of  every  denomination  etc.  They 
spent  quite  a  time  on  the  North  West  Coast  of  America  and 
then  proceeded  to  China  eventually  returning  to  Europe. 

The  "Imperial  Eagle,"  Captain  Barclay,  we  believe  sailed  from 
Europe  the  beginning  of  the  year  1787  and  arrived  at  Nootka 
Sound  in  August,  etc 

In  the  year  1788  there  were  on  the  North  West  Coast  the  ships 
"Prince  of  Wales,"  "Princess  Royal."  "Felice,"  "Iphigenia," 
"Columbia"  and  "Washington." 

"The  following  is  a  list  of  the  ships  of  different  nations  m  the 
River  of  Canton,  in  the  year  1789;  which  will  give  a  precise  idea 
of  the  present  superiority  of  the  British  trade,  over  that  of  all 
other  European  nations ; 


44 


List  of  Ships  Belonging  to  the  English  East  India  Com- 
pany, AT  Wampoa. 


Ganges 
Middlesex 
Earl  Alansfield 
King  George 
Lascelles 
\'alentine 
Nottingham 
Lord  Macartney 
Rockingham 
Earl  ^^'ycombe 


W'alpole 

Europa 

Thetis 

Ocean 

George  Elliot 

War  ley 

Fort  William 

Duke  of  Buccleugh 

Britannia 

Pitt 


English  Country  Ships  Trading  in  China,  1789 


Soliman  Shaw 

Gangavar 

New  Triumph 

Milford 

Shaw  Ardeseer 

Victoria  Snow 

Boddam 

Royal  Charlotte 

Sullimaney  Grab 

Cartier 

Gansava 

General  Meadows 

Hornby 

Carnatic 

Shaw  Biram 

Darius 

Surat  Castle 

Thamtum  Taz  But 

Enterprize 

Nancy 


Clive 

Bombay 

Prince  of  Wales 

Hindostan 

Sultan 

Fier  Resoal  Mucky 

Eiez  Allum 

Cornwallis 

Nonsuch 

Surprise 

Cheerful 

Yarmouth 

Britannia  Snow 

Henry 

Resolution 

Warren  Hastings 

Hibernia 

Indus 

Argonaut 

Princess  Royal 


Foreign  Ships  Trading  in  China  in  1789 


Dutch 


Meervk 

Delft' 

Christeffcl  Columbus 


Schagen 
Maria  Cornelia 


45 


French 

Dauphin 

Danish 

King  of  Denmark 

American 

Antony,  Brig 

Sampson 

Massachusetts 

Astrea 

Union 

William  and  Henry,  Brig 

Three  Sisters,  Brig 

Federalist 

Atlantic 

Light  Horse 

America 

Tay 

Washington 

Morse 

Columbia 

Portuguese 

Bom  Jesus  Alem 

Marquis  de  Anjuga 

Campeles 

The  English  shipping  at  Canton  in  the  year  1789  gave  employ- 
ment to  nearly  two  thousand  men  and  officers. 

'T  shall  only  add,  as  it  seems  to  be  a  link  in  that  chain  of 
commerce  which  it  is  the  office  of  these  pages,  however  imper- 
fectly, to  enforce,  that  Providence,  by  permitting  Great  Britain 
to  make  a  discovery  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  seems  to  have  in- 
tended that  they  should  become  a  part  of  herself.  The  situation, 
climate,  and  produce  of  these  islands,  may  be  made  to  answer 
very  important  commercial  purposes,  besides,  the  inhabitants  are 
brave  and  generous  race  of  people,  susceptible  to  the  highest 
mental  cultivation,  and  worthy  of  sharing,  as  they  are  already 
ambitious  to  share,  the  fate  enjoyed  by  British  subjects.  The 
well  directed  industry,  and  assured  fidelity  of  half  a  million 
people,  would  surely  add  to  the  grandeur  and  prosperity  of  the 
British  Empire. 

The  following  is  from  the  Instructions  of  the  Merchants  Pro- 
prietors. To  John  Meares,  Esq.,  commanding  the  "Felice"  and 
"Iphigenia." 

"You  will  endeavor  to  propagate  at  Nootka,  and  at  the  Sand- 
wish  Islands,  the  breed  of  your  poultry  of  every  kind ;  also  of 
hogs,  goats,  and  sheep.  On  your  arrival  you  will  find  Comekela, 
who  is  a  native  of  the  Sound,  giving  him  such  presents  as  you 
may  think  proper. 

On  your  return  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  you  will  land  Tianna 
(Kaiana)  at  Atooi  (Kauai),  or  any  of  the  islands  he  may  de- 
sire.    You  will  also  give  him  such  presents  as  you  think  useful 


46 

or  acceptable,  and  if  possible,  you  will  reserve  some  of  your 
sheep  and  goats  as  a  present  to  this  chief,  as  by  leaving  them  in 
his  possession,  there  is  a  better  chance  of  their  being  taken  care 
of,  and  increasing,  and  thus  rendering  these  islands  the  best  place 
of  refreshment  in  the  world.  We  particularly  direct,  that  you 
do  not  bring  away  any  of  the  inhabitants  of  America,  or  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  as  there  is  no  certainty  that  there  will  be  any 
opportunity  of  returning  them  to  their  own  country. 

Orders  to  Captain  Douglas.  Extract  of  a  Letter  from  I\Ir 
Meares  to  Capt.  W.  Douglas,  commanding  the  "Iphigenia." 

"and  it  is  my  particular  desire,  that  not  even  a  curiosity  be 
purchased  on  the  coast  of  America,  and  as  few  as  possible  at  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  such  an  intercourse  only  tending  to  gratify  an 
idle  and  vain  whim,  at  the  expense  of  the  infant  commerce  now 
about  to  be  established. 

When  you  return  to  China,  as  you  will  touch  at  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  I  recommend  to  you  to  fill  all  your  casks  with  salt  pork, 
which  will  sell  well  in  China,  or  serve  for  sea  store  for  the 
next  equipment  of  vessels  in  your  employer's  service  for  the  coast 
of  America. 

From  experience  we  know  that  most  excellent  rope  may  be 
made  at  the  Sandwich  Islands.  You  will  prohibit  all  fishing 
lines  being  purchased  by  individuals  and  let  them  be  bought  on 
account  of  the  ship,  made  into  cordage,  and  the  overplus  care- 
fully put  by,  that  it  may  be  returned  into  store. 

You  will  await  my  arrival  in  Friendly  Cove,  till  the  first  of 
November,  when  on  seeing  nothing  of  me,  on  that  day  you  will 
make  the  best  of  your  way  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  anchor 
in  Wymoa-Ray  (Waimea  Bay),  in  the  island  of  Atooi  (Kauai), 
remaining  there  12  days,  when  if  I  do  not  arrive  in  that  inter- 
val, you  will  proceed  to  China,  and  follow  the  directions  I  have 
given  you,  leaving  a  letter  with  Taheo  (Kaeo),  or  Abinui 
( ).  communicating  only  your  arrival  and  de- 
parture. 

You  will  be  particularly  careful  to  preserve  a  breed  of  the 
various  animals  put  on  board  you  for  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

C)n  no  account  are  you  to  bring  away  any  of  the  natives  of 
America  or  the  Sandwich  Islands,  or  any  other  islands  you  may 
discover,  except  your  reasons  are  so  cogent  and  strong,  as  will 
ensure  you  the  countenance  of  your  employers. 

Extract  from  Mr  Meares  instructions  to  Captain  Douglas,  on 
leaving  the  American  Coast. 

"I  mean  to  jjroceed  immediately  on  the  launch  of  the  'North 
West  America,'   to  the   Sandwich   Islands,   and   from   thence  to 


47 

China,  the  whole  charge  of  the  "Iphigenia"  and  "North  West 
America"  will  consequently  devolve  to  you. 

From  the  information  which  I  have  received  from  the  "Prin- 
cess Royal,"  I  think  it  necessary  to  warn  you  of  the  dangers 
attending  your  stay  at  the  Sandwich  Islands,  where  a  crew 
immersed  in  pleasure  may  become  but  too  easy  a  prey  to  so 
daring  and  resolute  a  set  of  people.  Your  judgement  will  point 
out  to  you  to  draw  your  principal  resources  of  provisions  from 
Owhyhee  (Hawaii),  the  windward  isle.  The  danger  of  anchor- 
ing there,  from  the  multitude  of  people,  is  but  too  evident. 
With  the  bay  of  Mowee  (Maui)  you  are  acquainted.  Here  I 
would  recommend  you  to  anchor,  if  a  spot  free  from  coral  rocks 
can  be  found. 

For  though  Titerree  (Kahekili)  is  sovereign  of  Mowee 
(Maui),  Morotoi  (Molokai)  and  the  adjacent  isles,  yet  the 
factions  existing  between  the  lesser  chiefs  will,  in  all  proba- 
bility, prevent  their  combining  to  commit  hostilities  on  you.  The 
distance  also  you  lie  from  the  shore  of  this  island  will,  in  some 
measure,  tend  to  your  security ;  and  amongst  the  whole  group  of 
those  islands,  I  know  no  place  so  eligible,  provided  good  anchor- 
ing ground  can  be  found.  When  the  trade-wind  blows  it  comes 
down  in  refreshing  breezes  from  the  summits  of  the  mountains, 
and  meliorates  the  scorching  heat  of  the  sun,  every  where  so  per- 
nicious. If  the  trade  wind  ceases  and  the  North  West  winds 
blow,  you  have  several  large  and  capacious  channels  to  put  to  sea 
through,  and  the  danger  of  a  lee-shore  is  removed.  and  per- 
mit me  to  observe  that  this  is  the  only  station  you  can  occupy 
amongst  these  islands,  where  this  danger  is  to  be  avoided,  and 
it  is  a  danger  of  such  magnitude,  that  I  must  entreat  you,  the 
moment  you  see  it  blacken  in  the  North  West  to  put  instantly 
to  sea,  as  the  only  means  of  safety. 

The  savage  fierceness  of  the  people  of  Wahoo  (Oahu),  will,  I 
should  suppose,  render  your  stay  at  that  island  very  short.  The 
populousness  of  Atooi  (Kauai)  may  deter  you  from  making  any 
long  stay  in  Wymeo  Bay  (Waimea  Bay)  You  will  therefore 
finally  close  your  route  at  Onehow  (Niihau)  where  I  trust  you 
will  guard  carefully  against  the  art  and  cunning  of  Taheo  ( Kaeo) 

and  Abinui  ( )  for  I  think  them  dreadful,  mercenarv, 

artful  villians.  As  they  attempted  to  poison  the  crews  of  the 
"Prince  of  Wales"  and  "Princess  Royal,"  you  will  guard  against 
such  a  diabolical  design,  by  inspecting  the  cocoa-nuts,  yams, 
water  etc  making  the  seller  taste  each. 

From  Tianna  (Kaiana)  we  have  a  full  knowledge  of  the  ex- 


48 

treme  subtility  of  a  poison  in  their  possession,  which  operates 
instantaneously  on  the  vital  powers. 

Should  you  discover  such  an  attempt,  I  recommend  to  you  to 
seize  those  concerned;  and  as  a  transaction  of  this  nature  can- 
not take  place  without  the  knowledge  of  Taheo  (Kaeo)  and 
Abinui  ( )  such  wickedness  ought  to  be  made  an  ex- 
ample of.  The  commerce  that  the  natives  of  Atooi  (Kauai) 
have  had  with  Europeans,  has  operated  so  much  on  their  natures, 
that  too  much  caution  or  vigilance  cannot  be  exerted. 

On  no  account  suffer  more  than  one  or  two  on  your  decks  at  a 
time.  Keep  people  constantly  in  your  tops,  with  arms  ready, 
your  guns  loaded  and  primed ;  and  never  permit  the  natives  to 
swim  about  the  ship ;  or  most  assuredly,  you  will  have  your 
cables  cut. 

I  trust  that  you  will  procure  a  good  supply  of  cordage  and 
I  should  imagine  that  their  mats,  cloth,  etc..  might  be  held  in  as 
much  request  on  the  Northern  station  of  America,  as  they  are 
on  the  Southern,  you  will  therefore  purchase  as  many  as  you 
think  proper  for  the  American  Market. 

I  have  great  hopes  that  Tianna  (Kaiana)  will  be  of  service 
to  you.  To  this  chief  I  recommend  you  to  be  particularly  atten- 
tive. The  placing  him  agreeable  to  his  wishes  either  on  Owhyhee 
(Hawaii)  with  his  relation  Tome  Tomy  Hawa  (Kamehameha), 
the  sovereign  of  that  island  and  Atooi  (Kauai)  or  with  his 
brother  Nawmity  Haw  (Namekeha)  and  family,  on  the  latter 
island,  is  a  point  that  I  feel  myself  extremely  interested  in. 
Whatever  Tianna's  (Kaiana's)  ambition  may  be  on  seeing  him- 
self so  powerfully  supported,  yet  we  must  not  lose  sight  of  pru- 
dence in  settling  our  friend,  and  we  shall  prove  his  truest  and 
most  faithful  ones,  in  placing  him  in  exactly  the  station  we  took 
him  from.  We  must  therefore  not  let  his  ambition  stimulate  us 
on  the  one  hand,  nor  our  desires  on  the  other,  to  raise  our  friend 
to  a  station  ever  envied  amongst  mankind.  Through  the  gen- 
erosity of  Mr  Cox,  he  returns  unboundedly  rich  to  the  circle  of 
his  friends.  Though  greatly  deserving  in  himself,  yet  the  line 
of    prudence   must   not   be   passed,    and   the   example    of   Amai 

( )  shows  us  the  danger  attending  the  smiles  of  fortune 

even  amongst  savage  tribes. — You  will  therefore  dismiss  him 
with  such  presents,  in  addition  to  what  he  has.  as  you  may  think 
proper  to  confer  on  him.  and  as  you  know  his  language  so  well. 
I  entreat  you  to  meet  his  ideas  of  happiness  as  far  as  prudence 
permits,  or  circumstances  put  in  your  power. 

The  island  of  Onehow  (Niihau)  furnishes  the  pearl-oyster. 
You   will   endeavor  to  make  Tianna   sensible   of   the   treasures 


49 

they  contain,  and  the  importance  of  them  to  us,  and  I  have 
hopes  that  during  your  stay  you  will  fully  ascertain  this  point. 
At  Nootka  I  shall  await  Mr.  Funter's  arrival  (in  the  North 
West  America)  until  the  20th  day  of  November,  1789;  when 
seeing  nothing  of  him,  on  that  day  I  shall  proceed  to  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  and  wait  your  and  his  arrival  in  Wymeo  (Waimea) 
Bay,  on  the  island  of  Atooi  (Kauai),  or  at  the  anchoring 
ground,  the  island  of  Onehow  (Niihau)  until  the  first  day  of 
January,  1790. 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Abinui   (                          )    13,  22,  26,  46,  47,  48 

Adanison,    Mr 28 

Amai   48 

Aropee    (                          )     28 

Atooi    (Kauai)    ^,  7 

8,  11,  12,   16,  21,  23,  25,  26,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  41,  45,  46,  47,  48,  49 

Barclay,   Captain    36,  43 

Barclay,  Mrs 36 

Bird   Island    28 

Churchill,    Captain     33 

Clerke,   Captain    18 

Colnett,   Captain    22,   37,  38 

Cook,  Captain   8,  18,  19,  33,  34 

Deserters     27 

Dixon,  Captain    25,  38 

Douglas,  Captain  Wm 6,  10,  11,  13, 

14,  15,  16.  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  26,  27,  28,  30,  31,  37,  41,  46 
Duncan,    Captain     38 

Eappo    ( Hiapo)    18 

East    India   Company    43 

"Friday"    10,  11 

Funter,*  Captain    15,   21,  30,  49 

Grey,    Captain    40 

Guise,  Captain    43 

Hanna,   Captain    James    42 

Harwallenee   (  )    12 

Hawaii   (see  Owhyhee) 

Hawaiians    (Unnamed)     34 

Heiau   21 

Hiapo  (fsee  Eai)po) 

Hitchcock,  Samuel   22 

Jones    (a   seaman)     26 

Kaeo  (ftee  Taheo) 
Kaliekili  (see  Titeeree) 
Fsaiana   (see  Tianna) 
Kaihia    (see  Kowrowa) 

Kaircckeea    (  ) 18 

Kalaimamahu     (  )     28 

Kalanio[(uu   (see  Tereeobeo) 

Kariieliameha  (ser  Tome-honiy-haw) 

Karakakooa   (Kfalakekua) .  .'. 16,  18,  25 


51- 


Kauai  (see  Atooi) 
Kaula  (see  Tahoora) 
Kawaihae  (see  Toe-yah-yab) 
Kawaihae   Baj'    (see   Toe-yah-yah   Bay) 
Kealakekua  (see  Karakakooa) 
Keawemauhili   (see  Terremowree) 
Keliimaikai  (see  Tereametee) 

King,  Captain   18,  19 

Koa  (see  Koah) 

Koah    (Koa)     18 

KoAvrowa    (Kailua)     16 

Lanai  (see  Eanai) 

Lowrie,  Captain   43 

MacCay,    Mr ^ 38 

Maiha  Maiha  (Kamehameha).      (See  Tome-homy-haw.) 

Maui  (see  Mowee) 

Mauna  Kea  (see  Mouna  Kaah) 

Meares,  Captain  John    6,  25,  31,  46 

Molokai  (see  Morotoi) 

Morotoi    (Molokai) 8,   20,   24,  47 

Mouna   Kaah    (Mauna    Kea) 7 

Mowee   (Maui)    7,  S,  12,  13,  19,  20,  24,  47 

Namaate-haw    ( Namakeha ) 9,   10,  23,  48 

Naraekeha  (see  Namaate-haw) 

Xawmity-haw  (see  Namaate-haw) 

Niihau   (see  Oneeheow) 

"Noota"    9,  42 

Oaliu  (see  Woahoo) 

Oneeheow   (Niihau) 7,  8,  10,  11,  23,  27,  28,  47,  48,  49 

Owhyhee    (Hawaii)     

5,  6,  7,  8,  12,  13,  16,  18,  19,  22,  23,  24,  28,  30,  34,  35,  47,  48 

Pareeonow    (  )    28 

Portlock,  Captain    25,  43 

Puna   (see  Punna) 

Punna    (Puna,  Kauai)    26 

Eanai  (Lanai)    8,  20,  24 

Sandy  Bay,  Hawaii   (  )    16 

South  Sea  Company   43 

Spoilum    (artist)     33 

Taheo  (Kaeo)    9,  12,  21,  22,  24,  25,  26,  34,  35,  41,  46,  47,  48 

Tahoora  (Kaula)    27 

Tawnee   (a  Hawaiian)    11 

Tereametee   (Keliimaikai)    28 

Tereeobeo  (Kalaniopuu)    7,  18,  19,  24 

Terremoweeree    (Keawemauhili)     .  . .  : 24 

Tianna  (Kaiana) 5,  7,  8,  9,  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  22,  23, 

24,  25,  26,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  45,  47,  48 


52 

PAGE 

Tipping,  Lieutenant  Wm 5 

Tiroway  Bav    (Kailua  Bay,   Ha\yaii) 24,  25 

Titeeree    (Kahekili) 7,   12,  20,  21,  23,  24,  47 

Toee  Hve  (see  Toe-vah-vah) 

Toe-vah-vah  Bav   (Kawaihae  Bay) 7,  13,  24,  25,  26 

Tome-hoiny-haV  (Kamchameha) '. 13,  14,  IG,  18,  19,  24,  26,  29,  30,  48 

Vessels  Trading  in  the  Pacific   (*  Those  known  to  have  touched  at   the 
Hawaiian  Islands)  — 

American  : 

' '  America  " 45 

' '  Antony  Brig "    45 

' '  Astrea "   45 

' '  Atlantic  "    45 

*" Columbia" 40,   41.   43,  45 

' '  Fedralist  "   45 

' '  Light    Horse  "    .  .  . .' 45 

' '  Massachusetts  "    45 

' '  Morse  " 45 

' '  Sampson  "    45 

' '  Tay "    45 

' '  Three  Sisters  "   45 

"Union"    45 

*  "Washington "    40,    42,    43,  45 

' '  William    and    Henry  " 45 

East  India  Company: 

' '  Britannia  "    44 

' '  Duke   of  Buccleugh  "    44 

' '  Earl    Mansfield  "    44 

' '  Earl   Wycombe  " 44 

' '  Europa  "    44 

' '  Fort    William  "     44 

' '  Ganges "   44 

' '  George    Elliot "    44 

' '  Lascelles  " 44 

' '  Lord   Macartnev  "    44 

' '  Middlesex  "    .  . ". 44 

' '  Nottingham  "    44 

' '  Ocean  "    44 

' '  Pitt "    44 

' '  Rockingham  "    44 

' '  Thetis  "    44 

' '  Valentino  "     44 

' '  Walpolp  "    33,  34 

' '  Warley  "    44 

English  : 

*  ' '  Argonaut  "    37,    38,  44 

"Boddam"    44 

' '  Boml)ay  "    .' 44 

' '  Britannia    Snow ' '    44 

' '  Cartier  "    44 

' '  Carnatic  "    44 

"Cheerful"    44 

' '  Clive  "    44 


53 

PAGE 

' '  Cornwallis ' '    44 

' '  Darius  "    44 

' '  Enterprize "    44 

' '  Fier  Eesoal   Mucky "    44 

' '  Fiez    AUum  "    .  .  . ". 44 

' '  Gangavar  "     44 

' '  Gansava "    44 

' '  General  Meadows "    44 

' '  Henry  "    44 

' '  Hibernia "    44 

' '  Hindostan  "    44 

' '  Hornby  "    44 

' '  Indus  "    44 

*  ' '  King  George  "    43 

' '  Milf  ord  "    44 

' '  Nancy  "    44 

' '  New   Triumph  " 44 

' '  Nonsuch  " 44 

*  ' '  Prince  of  Wales  "    38,  43,  44,  47 

*  ' '  Princess   Royal "    38,    43,    44,  47 

*  ' '  Queen    Charlotte  "     38,  43 

' '  Resolution  "    44 

' '  Royal    Charlotte  " 44 

' '  Shaw   Ardcseer  "    44 

"Shaw  Birani"    44 

' '  Soliman   Shaw  "    ' .  44 

' '  Sullimanev    Grab  "     44 

' '  Sultan  "   '. 44 

' '  Surat    Castle"    44 

' '  Surprise  "     44 

' '  Thamtum  Taz  But  "   44 

' '  Victoria    Snow "     44 

'  *  Warren   Hastings  "    44 

' '  Yarmouth  "     44 

Danish  : 

' '  King   of   Denmark "    45 

Dutch: 

' '  Christeffel   Columbus  "    44 

' '  Delft "    44 

' '  Maria   Cornelia  "    44 

' '  Meervk  "    44 

' '  Schagen  "    44 

French : 

' '  Dauphin  "     45 

Portuguese : 

' '  Bom  Jesus  Alem  "   45 

' '  Campeles  "    45 

' '  Marquis  de  Anjuga ' '    45 

Other  Vessels: 

"Captain   Cook"    37,   38,  43 

*  ' '  Discovery  "    (Captain    James    Cook) 15 

"Experiment" 37,    38,  43 

*  "Felice" 5,  6,  11,  12,  31,  35,  37,  38,  41.  42,  43,  45 

*  ' '  Imperial    Eagle  "    38.  43 


54 

PAGE 

Other  Vessels: 

*"Iphigenia"    5,   0.   11,   14,   15, 

18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  24,  25,  27,  28,  30,  31,  35,  37,  38,  39,  41,  42,  43 
' '  Lark  " 43 

*  ' '  Nootka  "   5,  43 

*"  North  West  America". .  .12,  13,  14,  Ki.  21,  27.  39,  41,  42,  4(5,  47,  49 

*  "Resolution"    (Captain    Cook's    ship) 15 

"Sea  Otter"   5,  43 

Viana.    Mr 26 

Waimea  (see  Wymoa) 
Waimea  Bay  (see  Wymoa  Bay) 
Waikiki  (see  Witetee) 
Waipio   {see  Wipeeo) 

Winee   (  )    34.  35,  36,  37 

Witetee   (Waikiki)    20,   23.  3i> 

Wipeeo    (Waipio)    26 

Woahoo    (Oahn) 8,  19,  20,  21.  23,  24,  26,  47 

Wymeo  Bay  (see  Wymoa  Bay) 

Wymoa     (Waimea,    Kauai) 22,  26 

Wymoa  Bay  (Waimea  Bay,  Kauai) 8,  21,  23,  46.  47,  49 

Yam    Bay,    Xiihau    27 


^^ 


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